1. Chapter 9 The Federalist Era (1789-1800)
Section 3 The First Political Parties

2. Section 3-Polling Question
What do you think is the most important principle of Jefferson’s Republican party?
A. Strong emphasis on states’ rights
B. Accessibility of politics to the average citizen
C. Strict interpretation of the Constitution
D. Protection of civil liberties A B C D

3. Essential Question
How did the Federalist and Republican Parties form, and on what issues did they disagree?
How did the Federalist and Republican Parties form, and on what issues did they disagree?

4. How did the Federalist and Republican Parties form, and on what issues did they disagree?
Essential Question
How did the Federalist and Republican Parties form, and on what issues did they disagree?
Federalists- Strong federal government, limit ordinary people’s role in government
Republicans- Limit federal government, protect individuals’ and states’ rights
Federalists- Strong federal government, limit ordinary people’s role in government
Republicans- Limit federal government, protect individuals’ and states’ rights

5. Opposing Views Even President Washington was not liked by everyone
Many of those were supporters of Thomas Jefferson
Political Parties began to form
People disagreed with each other, even in Washington’s cabinet (Hamilton and Jefferson)
Even Washington was partisan (Favored one side of an issue)
Washington usually favored Hamilton

6. Political Parties Emerge
Similar differences existed in Congress
Two distinct political parties formed
Federalists- supported the policies of Washington’s administration
Democratic-Republicans (Republicans)

7. Section 3
Which of the following was NOT a United States political party?
A. Democrats
B. Revisionists
C. Republicans
D. Federalists A B C D

8. Federalists Stood for a strong federal government
Favored banking and shipping interests
Support in the Northeast and wealthy plantation owners of the South
1791- Philip Freneau wrote the National Gazette that turned public opinion against the Federalist
(Jefferson, Secretary of State, helped it get started)
Jefferson and Madison later organized people who disagreed with Hamilton
Were called the Democratic-Republicans

9. Democratic-Republicans
“Republicans” wanted to limit the government’s power
Feared a strong federal government would endanger people’s liberties
Appealed to small farmers and urban workers
Support in the Middle Atlantic states and the South

10. Views of the Constitution
Hamilton’s view (Fed.)- federal government had implied powers (Loose Construction)
Powers not expressly forbidden in the constitution
Hamilton used this idea to justify a national bank
Jefferson and Madison (D-R)- disagreed and said there is a strict construction of the Constitution
They believed implied powers are “absolutely necessary” to carry out the expressed powers

11. The People’s Role Federalists supported representative government
Public office should be held by honest and educated men
Ordinary people were too likely to be swayed
Republicans feared a strong central government
Washington tried to get his two advisors (Hamilton and Jefferson) to work out their differences
They didn’t and Jefferson resigned as Secretary of State
Later Hamilton resigned as Secretary of the Treasury

12. Election of 1796
Federalists and Republicans held meetings called caucuses
Members of Congress and other leaders chose their parties’ candidates for office
Federalists chose John Adams for President and Charles Pickney as VP
Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr as VP
The electoral college votes-
Adams 71, Jefferson 68
A Federalist president and a Republican VP

13. President Adams Problems
1. The XYZ Affair
2. Alien and Sedition Acts
3. Domestic and Foreign Affairs

14. XYZ Affair
The French started to seize American ships that carried cargo to the British
Fall of Adams sent delegates to Paris to try to resolve the dispute
The French foreign minister, Charles de Talleyrand refused to meet with the delegates
Instead he sent three agents (X,Y, and Z) who demanded a bribe and a loan for France
The Americans replied “not a sixpence” and sent a report to Adams
Adams said he would rather pay for a war and told Congress to prepare for war
This became known as the XYZ Affair

15. Alien and Sedition Acts
Public anger rose against France, Americans became suspicious of aliens
Immigrants living in the country who were not citizens
Many Europeans who came to the US in the 1790s supported ideals of the French Revolution
Some people questioned if aliens would remain loyal if the US went to war with France
Federalists responded with strict laws to protect the nation’s security
The Alien and Sedition Acts
Sedition- Activities aimed at weakening the established government
Alien Act allowed the president to imprison aliens, or send those considered dangerous out of the country

16. Domestic and Foreign Affairs
Republicans responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by standing up against what they regarded as Federalist tyranny
Madison and Jefferson wrote protests that called the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Said that the A&S Acts violated the Constitution
So the A&S Acts could not be put into action
The Kentucky Resolution suggested that states might nullify federal laws considered unconstitutional

17. Section 3
Which of the following is true of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
A. They were drafted by Federalists opposing Republican uses of federal power.
B. They claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the constitution.
C. They distributed land to settlers in Virginia and Kentucky.
D. They rejected the principle of state’s rights. A B C D

18. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Supported the principle of states’ rights
This states that the powers of the federal government should be limited to those clearly assigned in the Constitution
States should have all other powers not expressly forbidden to them
The issue of states’ rights would remain an important issue

19. Adams’ Decision
To help them politically, Federalists urged Adams to declare war on France
Adams didn’t, instead appointed a new commission to seek peace with France
1800- France agreed to a treaty
This hurt Adams chance of reelection
Hamilton and his supporters now opposed the president

20. Which political party stood for a strong federal government?
Federalist
Antifederalist
Democratic-Republican
Democratic

21. Which party feared that a strong central government would endanger people's liberties?
Federalist
Antifederalist
Republican
Democratic

22. The second president of the United States was
Thomas Jefferson.
Aaron Burr.
John Adams.
Charles Pinckney.

23. Which of the following proposed a challenge to the constitutional authority of the national government?
political parties
peace with France
Sedition Act
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

24. What divided the Federalists and hurt John Adams's chance for reelection?
states' rights
treaty with France
Neutrality Act
war with France

25. Group Work Research the following question;
Of the following Presidents that were former Generals. Washington, Jackson, Grant, Garfield, Eisenhower.
Washington was the first of several generals who later became president. Think about this statement: A good general makes a good president.
Is this an opinion or a fact?
Do you agree or disagree? Explain.