1. EDUCATION AND RELIGION
THE MOST POWERFUL STRUCTURAL FORCES FOR PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION

2. STRUCTURAL PROCESSES FORMAL INFORMAL AGENCY SPONSORED BUREAUCRATIZED
SYSTEMATIC INTENT
INFORMAL
SPONTANEOUS INTERACTION
NON-HIERARCHICAL
IMPROMPTU DISCOVERY

3. EDUCATION
ESSENTIAL FOR STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE, ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND SOCIAL BALANCE IN ADVANCED SOCIAL STRUCTURES

4. FORMAL PROCESSES SCHOOLING FORMAL, SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTION
GOAL ORIENTED – DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS
“EDUCATION MUST MAKE THE CHILD COVER IN A FEW YEARS THE ENORMOUS DISTANCES TRAVELED BY MANKIND IN MANY CENTURIES” …Emile Durkheim
SHAPED BY LARGER SOCIAL FORCES
ORGANIZED TO INTEGRATE SUBPOPULATIONS INTO SOCIAL STRUCTURE
INEQUALITIES INHERENT IN STRUCTURE
RESPONSIVE TO SOCIAL ENGINEERING

5. FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
EMPHASIS ON IDEALS
OBJECTIVE (MEASURABLE) INTENT
ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY
STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL
CORPORATE AND FAMILY
SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL BALANCE
HOMOGENEITY WITH OPPORTUNITY FOR
SCREENING AND SELECTION
SOCIAL PROBLEM RESOLUTION

6. CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE EMPHASIS ON DOMINANT / SUBORDINATE DYNAMIC
PUBLIC EDUCATION
GROUNDED IN RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE
REPRODUCTION THEORY (GIROUX & ALTHUSSER)
PERPETUATION OF UNEQUAL POWER STRUCTURES
HIERARCHY AMONG “EQUALS”
WHO BENEFITS FROM A SYSTEM IN WHICH:
“…OVER A THIRD OF THE STUDENTS NEVER GRADUATE, AND ANOTHER THIRD ARE TRAPPED INTO A SITUATION WHERE THEY DON’T HAVE THE SKILLS THAT ARE GOING TO GIVE THEM A GOOD LIFETIME OUTCOME?” (GATES 2006)

7. MODERN EDUCATION MERITOCRACY – OBJECTIVE: CURRICULUM BASIS
CREDENTIALED SOCIETY
FORM > FUNCTION
TRACKING
ACADEMIC
VOCATIONAL
CURRICULUM BASIS
NATIONAL OR DECENTRALIZED MODEL?
PERSONAL OPPORTUNITY vs. STRUCTURAL NEED

8. PROBLEMS IN EDUCATION FUNDING CHANGING ECONOMIC STRUCTURES
ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION LESS PER STUDENT FUNDING TODAY THAN IN 1955
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN STRUCTURAL NEEDS
CHANGING ECONOMIC STRUCTURES
EVOLUTION FROM MATERIAL PRODUCT TO INTELLECTUAL PRODUCT AND RELATED SERVICE

9. ITS SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
RELIGION
ITS SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE

10. DEFINITON
SOCIAL ACTION THAT ENCOMPASSES THOSE HUMAN RESPONSES THAT GIVE MEANING TO THE ULTIMATE AND INESCAPABLE PROBLEMS OF EXISTENCE – BIRTH, DEATH, ILLNESS, AGING, INJUSTICE, TRAGEDY, AND SUFFERING (Abercrombie and Turner)

11. THE POWER OF RELIGION BUILDS SOCIAL CAPITAL THROUGH PROVIDING :
ANSWERS TO THE ULTIMATE AND INESCAPABLE PROBLEMS
COMMON PURPOSE AND CAUSE
FRAMEWORK FOR DURABLE SOCIAL STRUCTURE
SOCIO-HISTORICAL BASIS FOR SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CONTROL

12. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
BELIEF - IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE
ORGANIZATION (ONE OR MORE)
SACRAMENTAL
PLACES, OBJECTS & ACTIONS
PROPHETIC
HISTORY, REVELATION & “THE WAY”
MYSTICAL
TRANSCENDENTAL EXPERIENCE
COMMUNITY

13. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
FUNCTIONALISM (VARIABLES OF RELIGION)
EMOTIONAL COMFORT (SALVATION)
SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
NORMS
CONTROL MECHANISMS
ADAPTATION DEVICES
GOVERNMENT
SOCIAL CHANGE

14. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
CONFLICT THEORY
DIVERSION FROM REALITY – “OPIUM OF THE PEOPLE”
PERPETUATES ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REPRESSION
ADVANCES INAPPROPRIATE STRATIFICATION
OBSCURES KNOWLEDGE
SERVES AND ADVANCES AGENDAS OF ELITE

15. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
SUSTAINABLE ONLY THROUGH RELIANCE ON SYMBOLS
RELIES ON “FAITH” CONNECTED TO SHARED SYMBOLS
USEFUL FOR ADVANCING SOCIAL EQUALITY
WEBER – “THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM”

16. RELIGIONS WITH GREATEST IMPACT OF WESTERN SOCIAL STRUCTURE
JUDAISM
CHRISTIANITY
ISLAM
BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
LISTED IN ORDER OF IMPACT

17. JUDAISM MONOTHEISTIC EMERGES APPROX 3,800 YEARS AGO
DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABRAHAM AND GOD; DESCENDS THROUGH ABRAHAM TO 12 TRIBES
DOES NOT SEEK CONVERTS; LOOKS INWARD RATHER THAN OUTWARD;
13-18 MILLION WORLDWIDE

18. CHRISTIANITY MONOTHEISTIC EVOLVED FROM JUDAISM APPROX 2,000 YEARS AGO
EMBRACES JEWISH TEXTS
RELATIONSHIP TO GOD CEMENTED THROUGH ACCEPTANCE OF SALVATION VIA A MESSIAH
SEEKS GLOBAL CONVERSION
2.1 BILLION FOLLOWERS WORLDWIDE

19. ISLAM MONOTHEISTIC EMERGES APPROX 570 c.e. WITH BIRTH OF MUHAMMAD
SHARES TEXTS AND PROPHETS WITH BOTH JEWS AND CHRISTIANS
RELATIONSHIP TO GOD, AND SALVATION, CEMENTED THROUGH FOLLOWING TEACHINGS OF PROPHETS
FIVE PILLARS
SEEKS GLOBAL CONVERSION
1.3 BILLION FOLLOWERS WORLDWIDE

20. HINDUISM POLYTHEISTIC OVER 3,000 DEITIES, INCLUDING JESUS AND MUHAMMAD
PERFECTION ACHIEVED THROUGH MULTIPLE INCARNATIONS
ULTIMATE UNITY WITH UNIVERSE
OPEN, BUT DOES NOT SEEK CONVERTS
870 MILLION FOLLOWERS WORLD WIDE

21. BUDDHISM SPIRITUAL RATHER THAN THEISTIC FOUNDATION IS FOUR TRUTHS
EXISTENCE IS SUFFERING
ORIGIN OF SUFFERING IS DESIRE
SUFFERING CEASES WHEN DESIRE CEASES
WAY TO END SUFFERING IS THROUGH FOLLOWING THE EIGHTFOLD PATH

22. CULTS NEWLY ESTABLISHED SOCIAL GROUPS BUILT AROUND PROPHETIC TEACHINGS
EVOLVE INTO RELIGION IF
FAITH AND TEACHING SURVIVE PROPHET
INITIAL STIGMA OVERCOME
EMERGES FROM SECRECY INTO OPEN, SHARED SOCIAL PRACTICE