1. The Labor Movement

2. Objectives
SWBAT: describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication

3. Do Now – 2/12/13 Have your Sec 1 “IR Spreads” HW out
Sec 2: Rise of the Cities – due tomorrow!
What form of technology plays the biggest/most important role in your life?
How? (Something that you cannot live without – but might take for granted.)
crash course
Why The IR Happened in Britain

4. New Nations Industrialize
Belgium
first to industrialize after Britain
By mid 1800s other nations caught up
Germany, France, United States
more supplies of coal, iron & other resources
ADVANTAGE: followed Britain’s lead
borrowed British experts & technology

5. American’s Industrialize
First American textile factory  Pawtucket, RI
Plans smuggled out of Britain
Rapidly grew after the Civil War ( )
By 1900 the US was manufacturing 30% of the world’s industrial goods
SURPASSING Britain as the leading industrial nation

6. Uneven Development
Eastern & southern Europe industrialized much slower
Lacked natural resources & capital to
Russia 
had the resources but lacked social & political conditions
Slowly industrialized – 100 years after Britain
Japan 
lacked resources
had political revolution making industrialization a priority.
Canada, Australia, New Zealand also built thriving industries at this time

7. Effects of Industrialization
1900s conditions in factories and social conditions began to improve
Ordinary workers could afford goods - $$
Demand for goods created jobs
rapid building of railways, buildings, factories
Politics changed  had to meet demands of industrial society
Globally  industrial nations competed
Western nations dominated world more than ever before

8. Innovations Alfred Nobel  invented dynamite
Used for construction & to his dismay, warfare
Nobel’s huge fortune was willed to fund the famous Nobel prizes still awarded today

9. Electric Power Replaces Steam
Late 1800s – electricity replaced steam as the dominant source of industrial power
Italian scientist Alessandro Volta  first battery 1800
Michael Faraday
first simple electric motor & first dynamo
Today, all generators and transformers work on the same basic principle
Thomas Edison  1870s first electric light bulb
Edison’s “incandescent lamps” illuminated whole cities
Pace of city life quickened  factories could work after dark
By 1890s cables carried electrical power from dynamos to factories

10. New Methods of Production
Improved efficiency  interchangeable parts
Simplified assembly and repair of products
Assembly line  add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next
Took much of the joy out of work  divided labor into separate tasks

11. Transportation Advances
Russians  Trans-Siberian Railroad  Moscow to Vladivostok on the Pacific
German engineer Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine
1886 Karl Benz  patent for first automobile – had 3 wheels
1887 Gotlieb Daimler  introduced first four-wheel automobile
American Henry Ford  models that reached 25 mph
Early 1900s Ford used assembly lines to mass-produce cars
Making United States a leader in the automobile industry

12. Exit Ticket List some pros and cons of the Industrial Revolution
In your opinion, do the pros outweigh the cons? Or is is the other way around? Explain!

13. Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

14. Gotlieb Daimler  introduced first four-wheel automobile

15. Geronimo drives a Locomobile Model C in this 1905 photograph taken on the 101 Ranch near Ponca City, Oklahoma. In full headdress to Geronimo's left is his friend Edward Le Clair Sr., a Ponca Indian.

16. Automobiles powered by internal combustion engines at the 1900 National Automobile Show were primitive. The most popular automobiles proved to be electric, steam, and gasoline…in that order.

17. This advertisement for the Winton motor carriage – often identified as the first American automobile advertisement, according to the Henry Ford Museum – appeared in a 1898 issue of Scientific American magazine. Automobiles would help reduce the annual removal of 450,000 tons of horse manure from New York City streets.

18. Airplanes Take Flight 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright
flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC
daredevil pilots flew airplanes across the English Channel and over the Alps
Commercial passenger travel did not begin until 1920s

19. Communication Advances
American inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse, developed the Telegraph
Send coded messages over wires using electricity
First telegraph line  Washington D.C. & Baltimore in 1844
1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone
1890s Italian Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio
1901 Marconi received a radio message using Morse code sent from Britain to Canada

20. Rise of Big Business
“Big Business” – an establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods.
Stock  sold to finance companies
Coporations  businesses owned by many investors
Monopolies formed  powerful business leaders controlled entire industries or areas of economy

21. Monopolies
Germany – Alfred Krupp inherited father’s steelmaking business
bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore deposits
John D. Rockefellar
Standard Oil Company became an empire
Dominated American petroleum industry
“Captains of Industry”  people praised vision and skill
“Robber Barons”  destroying competition with aggressive means – damaged free enterprise system
reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and regulate large corporations

22. Review Question: Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but “robber barons” to others?

23. Exit Ticket
Choose one topic from what we just discussed and write a “problem-and-solution”
For example, you could write about the impact of powerful monopolies. Make a list of details, facts, and examples that define the problems that monopolies pose to a free market.

24. Do Now – March 2, 2012 Sit in your Workers’ Rally Project groups
Form a circle with the desks within your group

27. Cause & Effects Causes: Increased agricultural productivity
Growing pop
Energy – steam & coal
Demand for mass-produced goods
Improved technology
Natural resources, labor, money
Strong, stable governments

28. Industrial Rev Effects
Immediate Effects:
Rise of factories
Change in trans & communication
Urbanization
New methods of production
Rise of urban working class
Growth of reform movements

29. Industrial Rev Effects
Long-Term Effects
Growth of labor unions
Inexpensive new products
Increased population
Rise of big business
Expansion of middle class
Expansion of public education
Competitive world trade
Progress in medical care

30. Connections to Today Improvements in world health Growth in population
Industrialization in developing nations
New energy sources – oil & nuclear
Environmental pollution
Efforts to regulate world trade