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Nervous System Exam Study Guide

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1 Nervous System Exam Study Guide
YOURSELF Nervous System Exam Study Guide Nervous System Exam Sections: Multiple Choice (<100 Q) - Weds, May 23 Matching Structures with Functions & Numbering Steps of Action Potentials & Steps of Synaptic Transmission– Fri, May 25 Labeling diagrams & photos – Fri, May 25 Sheep Brain Practical Exam – Baaah, Humbug! (in other words, we’re skipping it)

2 Nervous System Exam Journal Due Fri., May 25
We will skip the remaining questions from the DVD – just the five we did in class. Checklist of journal assignments: Table of Contents Word of the Day Nervous Title Page Neuron Diagram Structural & Functional Organization of the Nervous System Human Brain Diagrams Spinal Cord Diagram & Reflex Arc Description Brain Structures & Functions Matching Neurophysiology Sheep Brain Diagrams Sheep Brain Photos (new on website) Synaptic Transmission Neurophysiology DVD questions #1-5 Neuropharmacology Make a new title page for our final unit: “The Viscera” New Journal Assignments for our final unit will be added each day! They need to be printed out IN COLOR and labeled

3 Label Major Brain Regions Views include lateral, inferior, mid-sagittal, transverse, & coronal using photos instead of diagrams Forebrain = Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia1, Limbic System2, Corpus Callosum, Lateral Ventricles Midbrain = Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Colliculi, 3rd Ventricle, Pineal, Pituitary Hindbrain = Pons, Medulla, Peduncles, Cerebellum, 4th Ventricle 1Includes Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Corpus Striatum, and more 2Includes Hippocampus, Fornix, and more “Brainstem” is a generalized term which is often limited to the hindbrain, but sometimes includes the midbrain.

4 Find: Cerebral Cortex, Meninges, Cerebellum, Sulcus, Gyrus, Folia, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord, Brainstem, Frontal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Cerebral Longitudinal Fissure, Temporal Fissure, Occiptoparietal Fissure, Central Sulcus, Motor Cortex, Somatosensory Cortex, Visual Cortex, Auditory Cortex, Frontal Cortex, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s Area, Association Cortex, Dura Mater

5 Find: Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum, Folia, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord, Brainstem, Cerebral Longitudinal Fissure, Olfactory Bulbs, Pituitary Gland, Optic Nerve, Optic Chiasm, Optic Tract, Hypothalamus, Mammilary Bodies, Cranial Nerves, Pyramidal Decussation

6 Find: Cerebral Cortex, Gray Matter, White Matter, Corpus Callosum, Lateral Ventricles, Third Ventricle, Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Corpus Striatum, Hippocampus, Cerebral Longitudinal Fissure, Gyrus, Sulcus

7 Find: Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum, Sulcus, Gyrus, Folia, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord, Brainstem, Occiptoparietal Fissure, Corpus Callosum, Lateral Ventricle, Third Ventricle, Fourth Ventricle, Arbor Vitae, Substantia Nigra, Optic Chiasm, Mammilary Bodies, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Cerebral Peduncles, Superior Colliculus, Inferior Colliculus, Hypothalamus

8 A difficult view… Transverse Section, Looking down on top of head, eyes upward
Hint for #1: Bridge between right and left sides of forebrain. The true “Information Superhighway!” 1 Yep, this arches over everything and connects with #1 at the top 2 3 5 6 4 Don’t try to label all these lines! Only label the red lines on the other side! Hint for #2, 3, & 4: Major parts of the basal ganglia Hint for #5: Named after cute sea creatures Hint for #6: Fluid-filled cavity on left & right sides of brain

9 Other Diagrams on Exam Neuron (dendrites, soma, axon, nucleus, axon hillock, axon terminal, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, axon collateral, synapse) Action Potential Graph (label values, resting potential, EPSP, IPSP, sub-threshold stimulus, threshold, temporal summation, spatial summation, depolarization, peak, repolarization, hyperpolarization, overshoot) Synapse (pre- and post-synaptic cells, synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, AP, neurotransmitter, receptor, neurotransmitter deactivation enzyme, chemical gate)

10 Brain Regions and their Functions
Like vocab matching, with a list of regions that need to be matched to descriptions of their functions Study your journal or the flashcards online at new.schoolnotes.com/ap grizz (no www!)

11 PS : # 5 & 6 are interchangeable
Putting Neurophysiological Events in Order (Part I) – TRY it for Practice NOW! 2 Voltage-gated sodium channels open. The membrane potential is repolarized. An excitatory stimulus depolarizes the axon hillock above the threshold. Voltage-gated potassium channels open. Sodium ions rush into the cell. Potassium ions flow out of the cell. Time-sensitive gates deactivate the sodium channels. The membrane potential is rapidly depolarized. These events describe _____________________________________. 8 1 Please THINK for 3 minutes before clicking for the answers… 6 3 7 5 4 an Action Potential PS : # 5 & 6 are interchangeable

12 Synaptic Transmission
Putting Neurophysiological Events in Order (Part II) – TRY it for Practice NOW! 4 Synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Chemical gates open and change the membrane potential. Neurotransmitter binds with receptor molecules. Voltage-gated calcium channels open. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal. Calcium ions enter the cell. Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft. These events describe _____________________________________. 6 8 Please THINK for 3 minutes before clicking for the answers… 7 2 1 3 5 Synaptic Transmission

13 Homunculus: Distorted map of body on somatosensory and motor cortex
Homunculus: Distorted map of body on somatosensory and motor cortex. Larger body parts indicate that more neurons are dedicated to that body part.

14 Multiple Choice Almost 100 questions! Topics:
Study: Text, PPT notes, Flashcards, CD-ROM Multiple Choice Almost 100 questions! Topics: Gates vs. Channels Myelin Refractory Periods Na+/K+ Pump Synapses Neurotransmitters Homunculus Structures in Hindbrain vs. Midbrain vs. Forebrain Mechanisms of Drug Actions Synaptic Transmission Gray vs. white matter Meninges & glial cells Resting Potential Action Potential EPSP vs. IPSP Functions of parts of neurons Excitable cells Left vs. Right Brain Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic NS Chemical vs. Electrical Communicaiton

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