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Building capacity to assess the impact of

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1 Building capacity to assess the impact of
climate change/variability and develop adaptation responses for the mixed crop/livestock production systems in the Argentinean , Brazilian and Uruguayan Pampas Principal Scientists  Graciela Magrin, INTA, Argentina María I. Travasso, INTA, Argentina Osvaldo Canziani, Argentina Gilberto Cunha, Brazil J. Mauricio Fernandes, Brazil Agustin Gimenez, GRAS- INIA, Uruguay Walter E. Baethgen, IFDC, Uruguay Holger Meinke, APSRU, DPI, Australia

2 Applied Systems Analysis Building Regional Adaptation Capacity
Establishing Applied Systems Analysis Networks for Building Regional Adaptation Capacity (AIACC LA 27)

3 Agriculture Crops:Wheat
Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors

4 WHEAT DISEASES Leaf rust Spot blotch Glume blotch Powdery mildew Blast
Take all Blast Tan spot BYDV

5 FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT
Window of susceptibility Highly influenced by weather variables

6

7 Mycotoxins DON – Deoxynivalenol – (0.5 ppm) Wheat zero Barley
Maize Flour ? DON, Fuminosin,...

8 CROP MODELS DSSAT - Decision Suport System for Agrotechnology Transfer
Wheat Model (Soil-H20, Soil N, Plant phenology, biomass, weather variables) Heading starts FHB Sub-model

9 FHB Model FHB SUSCETIBLE HOST = + PATHOGEN + WEATHER (P, T ºC)

10 WHEAT-FHB MODEL DEMO

11 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

12 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

13 0.30 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

14 0.60 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

15 0.42 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

16 0.26 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

17 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

18 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

19 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

20 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| FHB - SIMULATION

21 0.4 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

22 0.39 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

23 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

24 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

25 0.04 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 114 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

26 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 156 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 495 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

27 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 212 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 719 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1078 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

28 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 134 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 886 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1418 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1595 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

29 0.4 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 225 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 486 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 1636 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 1951 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 1788 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

30 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 198 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 713 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 502 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 1926 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 1839 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 1453 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

31 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 243Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 889 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 1497 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 732 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 2331 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 1958 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1294 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

32 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 172 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 1094 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 1923 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 2471 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 1187 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 2652 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1885 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1136 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

33 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 287 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 798 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 2355 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 3151 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 3361 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 1732 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 2399 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1555 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 843 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

34 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 287 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 798 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 2355 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 3151 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 3361 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 1732 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 2399 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1555 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 843 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

35 0.35 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 238 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers:927 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 1.92 Flowers: 1027 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 1.8 Flowers: 2861 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 2.52 Flowers: 3149 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 1.72 Flowers: 2998 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1453 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1879 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 1092 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers:536 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

36 0.3 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 176 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers:971 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 3,59 Flowers: 1724 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 4,95 Flowers: 1183 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 5,93 Flowers: 3035 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 6,76 Flowers: 2878 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 5,03 Flowers: 2253 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 4,19 Flowers: 855 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 3,15 Flowers: 1200 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 1,04 Flowers:622 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 0,62 Flowers: 253 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0,31 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

37 0.14 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 32 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers:1119 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 2003 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 7.65 Flowers: 2652 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 10.71 Flowers: 1509 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 11.08 Flowers: 3127 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 9.36 Flowers: 2442 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 7.80 Flowers: 1694 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 5.85 Flowers: 468 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 2.85 Flowers:709 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 1.17 Flowers: 306 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0.58 Flowers: 83 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.09 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0 FHB - SIMULATION

38 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers:647 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 2370 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 3194 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 12.47 Flowers: 3455 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 13.10 Flowers: 1900 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 11.38 Flowers: 2630 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 9.48 Flowers: 1823 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 7.11 Flowers: 1102 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 3.69 Flowers:211 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 1.67 Flowers: 333 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0.71 Flowers: 95 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.13 Flowers: 76 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.02 FHB - SIMULATION

39 0.4 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers:303 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 1048 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 2916 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 12.47 Flowers: 3256 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 13.10 Flowers: 3174 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 11.38 Flowers: 1682 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 9.48 Flowers: 2136 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 7.11 Flowers: 1335 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 3.69 Flowers:733 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 1.67 Flowers: 125 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 0.71 Flowers: 113 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.13 Flowers: 97 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.02 FHB - SIMULATION

40 0.60 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 393 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 1220 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 3108 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 18.86 Flowers: 3001 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 17.13 Flowers: 2416 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 14.28 Flowers: 1043 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 10.70 Flowers: 1384 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 6.09 Flowers:776 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads:3.11 Flowers: 355 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 1.43 Flowers: 43 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.37 Flowers: 112 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.14 FHB - SIMULATION

41 0.42 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 19 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 567 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 1593 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 27.50 Flowers: 3258 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 25.78 Flowers: 2610 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 21.48 Flowers: 1880 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 16.11 Flowers: 645 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 9.69 Flowers: 854 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 5.27 Flowers: 401 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 2.51 Flowers: 123 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.73 Flowers: 48 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.50 FHB - SIMULATION

42 0.45 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 428 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 3501 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 1977 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 2734 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 26.52 Flowers: 1945 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 19.89 Flowers: 1224 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 12.21 Flowers: 317 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 6.79 Flowers: 407 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 3.28 Flowers: 127 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.98 Flowers: 117 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 0.76 FHB - SIMULATION

43 0.36 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 2950 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 1368 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 1759 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 2228 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 1431 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads: 14.94 Flowers: 820 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 8.42 Flowers: 187 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4,09 Flowers: 141 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.26 Flowers: 135 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.03 FHB - SIMULATION

44 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 2239 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 567 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 1029 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 938 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 1420 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 811 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 382 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 56 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 130 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

45 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 462 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 448 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 639 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 852 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 403 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 125 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 53 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

46 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 1222 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 316 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 408 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 128 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 120 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

47 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 1464 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 850 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 209 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 151 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 150 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

48 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 1325 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 738 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 406 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 68 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 145 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

49 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 269 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 100 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 22 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

50 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 92 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 14 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

51 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

52 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

53 0.45 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

54 0.39 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

55 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

56 0.19 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

57 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

58 0.35 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

59 0.0 Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 FHB - SIMULATION

60 FHB - SIMULATION Incidence = 65 % Severe 0.0
Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 Incidence = 65 % Severe FHB - SIMULATION

61 FHB - SIMULATION Incidence = 65 % Severe 0.45
Day: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Flowers: 0 Heads: 4 Inf.Heads: 0.48 Flowers: 0 Heads: 16 Inf.Heads: 5.04 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 8.91 Flowers: 0 Heads: 42 Inf.Heads: 17.51 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads: 33.55 Flowers: 0 Heads: 48 Inf.Heads:31.82 Flowers: 0 Heads: 40 Inf.Heads: 31.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 30 Inf.Heads: 23.98 Flowers: 0 Heads: 20 Inf.Heads:17.10 Flowers: 0 Heads: 12 Inf.Heads: 9.72 Flowers: 0 Heads: 6 Inf.Heads: 4.74 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.47 Flowers: 0 Heads: 2 Inf.Heads: 1.25 Incidence = 65 % Severe FHB - SIMULATION

62

63

64 Wheat crop model Agronomic inputs Weather inputs Early spring wheat
Nine sowing dates Three-day intervals Soil properties Weather inputs Historic daily weather Scenario daily weather FHB incidence

65

66 FHB INC PASSO FUNDO

67 FHB INC PASSO FUNDO

68 FHB INC PASSO FUNDO SCENARIO

69 FHB INC LA ESTANZUELA

70 FHB INC LA ESTANZUELA

71 FHB INC LA ESTANZUELA SCENARIO

72 FHB INC PERGAMINO

73

74 FHB INC PERGAMINO SCENARIO

75 Final Remmarks Models using climatic variability and trend analysis are tools for defining FHB-risk FHB - Blame it on Minimum Tillage More frequent FHB epidemics Raise food safety concerns There is a need for breeding more resistant wheat Interactions with other crops/pests


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