1. Inflammation

2. Inflammation: the most common and visible response of the body to injury

3. Purpose?
When cells are damaged (may be by microorganisms, physical agents, chemical agents, etc.), the injury causes an inflammatory response to destroy or remove dead cells and debris

4. Inflammation of tissue or an organ is designated by the suffix –itis
Examples:
Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
If you see –itis you should know what it means

5. Inflammation ©http://library. med. utah. edu/WebPath/INFLHTML/INFL068

6. Signs of Inflammation
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain

7. What causes each of these signs?
Vasodilation: Increased blood flow to the area

8. What is the purpose of vasodilatation?
If blood vessels are larger = more blood travels through them
How is this beneficial?

9. Blood moves heat
Bacteria will not reproduce as efficiently
Brings in white blood cells

10. How Does Dilation Occur?
When injured, all cells release chemical signals
HISTAMINE is one of the main molecules released
Histamine is a powerful vasodilator (dilates the blood vessels)
It draws cells apart

11. When vessels dilate, they become “leaky”
Causes water, vitamins, amino acids, and white blood cells to pour from the vessel
When these substances are outside of the walls of the vessel, the result is swelling

12. Inflammation ©http://www.biologymad.com/Immunology/inflammation.jpg

13. What is the purpose of the heat?
Slows down bacteria reproduction

14. What is the purpose of swelling?
It immobilizes the injury so you do not have more trauma
Provides an area of protection

15. Pain is caused by pressure on nerve endings
Also kinins (signaling molecules) stimulate nerve endings resulting in pain

16. Purpose of pain?
To alert the individual to a problem and to keep the individual from causing further damage

17. What do we see at the cellular level during inflammation

18. Neutrophils
Red blood cells
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Busy macrophages 

19. Terms Associated with Inflammation
Phagocytosis:
Process by which a cell engulfs particles
Principal phagocytes include:
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages

20. Pus:
Thick whitish-yellow fluid resulting from the accumulation of wbc, liquefied tissue, and cellular debris
Common at infection sites

21. Pus ©http://www.emonmp3.com/_borders/Pus%20on%20back%20huge%201.jpg

22. Abscess:
A local accumulation of pus anywhere in the body
Example: boil—abscess in skin

23. Abscess in the skin ©http://img.tfd.com/dorland/thumbs/abscess.jpg

24. Abscess on the Back ©http://www. mrsanotes

25. Ulcer:
Area of tissue erosion
Ulcers are concave—depressed below the level of surrounding tissue

26. Ulcer ©http://www. theberries. ns

27. Ulcer ©http://www. visualdxhealth