1. P15483 Breadfruit Dryer for the KGPB in Borgne, Haiti
Syafiq

2. AGENDA Introduce Team Project Background Problem Statement
Customer Requirements
Engineering Specifications
Benchmarking Specifications
System Analysis
Functional Decomposition chart
Concept alternatives and selection
Risk Assessments
Test Plan Outline
Updated Project Plan/Team Shared Vision
Syafiq

3. Background Breadfruit is: -An extremely abundant fruit in Haiti
-Easily harvested
-is large and nutritious
But:
-The season for harvesting is usually no longer than 3 months
-It spoils very quickly (~2 days)
Therefore:
-It is inviable as a long term food supply
-It is inviable as a commercial product
The solution is to make breadfruit into a flour, thus it:
-Can be stored indefinitely
-Becomes a year-round food supply
-Creates economic opportunities with the surplus supply
There are currently no official products or previous MSD projects we can build off of
Mike

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Current State: Farmers have no efficient means of drying and preserving fruits, resulting in waste and lost revenue. They lay out fruit chunks on a tarp for days at a time
Goal: Basic, low cost, and low energy device could dehydrate the fruits in relatively large volumes at a faster rate
How: Find a currently existing device similar in functionality that can be simplified, requires minimal energy, and is cost effective
New device must be easy to use and maintain, while improving on their current process
Alvin

5. ADDITIONAL DELIVERABLES
Practical device that can be copied and easily implemented by numerous farmers in the region
Environmentally conscious of the issues facing the region; specifically deforestation
Sufficient design and test information for future use and development of other groups
Straightforward design, material list, and assembly instructions for other haitian farmers to utilize
Alvin

6. CUSTOMERS SARAH BROWNELL -Project Guide -Requirements Advisor RIT
-Financial Sponsor
HAITI FARMERS(KGPB)
-User of the product
Syafiq

7. CUSTOMER NEEDS
Alvin

8. ENGINEERING SPECS

9. HOUSE OF QUALITY
Alvin

10. BENCHMARKING SPECS
Mike

11. Alternate Designs-St. Thomas
Mike

12. Alternate Designs- North Eastern and Excalibur
Mike

13. BENCHMARKING TAKEAWAYS/LESSONS
St. Thomas
Air Flow is key, temperature is secondary
Rectangular shape will cook more evenly
Permanent Structure is much easier and cheaper than portable
PVC Structure was problematic and hard to assemble
Velcro sealing unreliable
height caused uneven drying times
ventilation issues with “chimney”
North Eastern
Air Flow is key, must be balanced with temperature
Thermal coatings could help with temperature efficiency
Wheels could possibly help with transportation issues
Mike

14. FOCUS AND PURPOSE
At this time, our current system is based around a simple, multi-shelved system that captures and retains heat while simultaneously using the wind (and possibly secondary systems) to ventilate and dehumidify the container
Based on benchmarking, it was decided that maximizing airflow efficiency was a cornerstone of this project
We must investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of various ventilation techniques that best satisfy our constraints
Alvin

15. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

16. FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
Syafiq

17. MORPHOLOGICAL CHART
Syafiq

18. CONCEPTS GENERATED
Solar machine with natural aspiration -uses natural airflow to ventilate enclosure
Solar machine with photovoltaic powered fans - uses solar powered electric fans to ventilate enclosure
Solar machine with underground air sink - uses the airflow generated by the temperature difference of an underground shaft to ventilate enclosure
Solar machine with gravity battery - uses a falling weight tied around a shaft to power a ventilation fan
Solar machine with wind power - uses a large wind collector to power a smaller fan at ground level to produce airflow
Tom

19. ALTERNATIVES
Tom

20. ALTERNATIVES
Tom

21. FEASIBILITY - Natural aspiration
-Other design groups have created successful machines that use solar heating and natural airflow to to dry the fruit
Tom

22. FEASIBILITY - Gravity battery
-The gravity battery is infeasible
-Calculations based on the amount of work needed to power a computer fan for 8 hours by dropping a heavy object 1 meter
-The required mass would be 14,700 kg
-Work scales linearly with height, so even a 10 meter drop would require 1470 kg of mass
Tom

23. FEASIBILITY - Underground sink
-Calculations based on:
-12℃ temperature diff.
-1m long shaft
-0.1m2 pipe cross section
-Results:
-0.5 Pa of pressure
-0.7 m/s air speed
-1 CFM airflow (2m3/h)
-1 CFM is low, but doesn’t immediately rule concept out because the flow is generated passively with no moving parts
Tom

24. FEASIBILITY - Solar fans
-Cost: An immediate issue with photovoltaics. Research indicated that your typical solar fan will be about $80-$120 per 100 cfm it moves. Fans that are very low cost have questionable quality
-Usability: these fans tend to be larger and intended for attic ventilation and would be difficult to incorporate into our design.
-Functionality: Most fans tend to be at least 500 cfm, which may be far more than we need and there is no way to regulate this
-Availability: Obtaining and replacing these would be very challenging for Haitians
Mike

25. SELECTED CONCEPT
We have decided to pursue a system that dries using sunlight and relies on a simple windmill to help ventilate the device. The regions consistent weather patterns and the low-cost nature of windmills make it an ideal solution
As a backup/alternative, we have a naturally aspirated device that lacks fans to assist in the ventilation. We may turn to this if it is determined the windmill is redundant or impractical for our needs and constraints
Mike

26. System Design Concept Actual system size and shape to be determined
Will likely be larger and incorporate multiple shelves
Mike

27. System Architecture
Alvin

28. POWER FROM WIND
-Power available from wind is a function of airspeed, the area the blades encompass, the air density, and an efficiency coefficient for the windmill
-Haiti falls in the zone of the trade winds, with consistent wind directions and
elevated wind speeds.
Tom

29. AVAILABLE WIND
-European Fund for Development (EFD) carried out a wind study that concluded in June 2010
-We looked at data at Cap Haitien, a large town near Borgne, shown on the right
-The average yearly wind speed is 5.6 m/s with a prevailing wind direction from the east
“Average wind speed, m/s”
Tom

30. WIND POWER ESTIMATE Pa = 1/2 ξ ρ A v3 Assuming:
A - area of wind passing through the windmill. Assume a 1 meter diameter, which gives a 0.8 m2 area of wind
⍴ - density of air. Borgne, Haiti is at 12m above sea level, the air density at this altitude is 1.2 kg/m3
v - the velocity of the incoming air.Using the data we found, 5.6 m/s
ξ - the efficiency of the blades. In general less than 0.4 (40%). Assume 20% to be conservative, accounting for the simple construction of the blades
Pa = 1/2 ξ ρ A v3
These figures give a mechanical power of 16.6W. A 140mm/2000 RPM computer fan moves 110 ft3/m on 5W electrical power. So even assuming mechanical losses are as much as those in an electric motor, 300 CFM airflow seems plausible
Tom

31. INEXPENSIVE WINDMILL DESIGN
Simplifying the windmill as much as possible will be key for ensuring feasibility
We came across someone that was able to construct an electric windmill for less than 200 dollars.
The key component we got from this was his method for creating fan blades- simply cut pieces of pipe
The electric components are far beyond our needs and a simple fan belt system will suffice to transmit power
Tom

32. RISK ASSESSMENT
Mike

33. TEST PLAN OUTLINE Test Sun Drying Effectiveness
How fast will it really dry fruit?
Test Fruit Substitutes
How similar are they in behavior to breadfruit?
Test Air Flow Behavior
Ensure air flow is balanced with heating temperature
Test Structural integrity
Can this structure handle a full load, high winds, high rain?
Test Desiccant Effectiveness
How much impact does it really have on dehumidifying?
Syafiq

34. SHARED VISION FOR WEEK 9
Plan for a successful phase 3 design review during week 9
Conduct refinement analysis on our system as well as subsystems to ensure all technical issues are addressed
Do “back of envelope” calculation to estimate benchmark metric for the concept
Prepare first order cost estimate for the prototype
Conduct detailed risk assessment to ensure all risks are accounted for and eliminated/mitigated
Update all necessary documents on Edge
Syafiq

35. APPENDIX
St. Thomas-
North Eastern-
Professional Dryer

36. QUESTIONS?