1. Systematic anatomy
Teacher: Zeng zhao ming
Department of anatomy

2. Review 1.The main branches of aortic arch?
2.The arteries that the pulsation can be felt.
3.The arteries supply to the stomach. (name and origin)

3. The veins Concept Characteristics
The blood vessels which carry blood back to heart
Characteristics
Thinner wall
Larger cavity
Lower pressure
Slower flow
Superficial and deep veins
Venous valves: ensure a one-way flow of blood
Numerous anastomoses

5. Division Special veins Veins of pulmonary circulation
Veins of systemic circulation
Special veins
Diploic veins
Sinus of dura mater

6. Diploic veins
Sinus of dura mater

7. The veins of pulmonary circulation
Pulomanry veins
carry oxygenated blood
from lungs to left atrium
Number: 4
superior and inferior,
left and right
no venous valve

8. The veins of systemic circulation
Superior vena cava system
The head, neck, upper limb, thorax, upper part of the abdominal wall
Inferior vena cava system
Lower limbs，pelvis，abdomen
Cardiac vein system
Coronary sinus, include greater , middle and lesser cardiac vein

9. Superior vena cava system
Trunk: Superior vena cava
short venous trunk
formed by two brachiocephalic veins
begins behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage
ends in right atrium(at the lower border of the third sternocostal joint)
receives the azygos vein

10. Azygos vein

11. The brachiocephalic veins
Also called innominate vein
formed by the internal jugular and
the subclavian veins
(behind the stenoclavicular joint)
venous angle
Besides the internal jugular and the subclavian veins, its tributaries also include vertebral , internal thoracic and inferior thyroid veins

12. Internal jugular vein
Collection: the skull, the brain, the superficial
parts of face and much of the neck
Begin: continuation of the sigmoid sinus
Route: downwards with the internal artery, common
carotid artery and vagus nerve within the
carotid sheath
End: brachiocephalic vein
Clinic note
The internal jugular vein has thin wall which is united with the carotid sheath to provide beneficial condition for blood return. But when the internal jugular vein is ruptured, it may lead to air embolus.

14. Tributaries 1.Facial vein Begin: angular vein
Route:lateral to nasal ala, angle of mouth
End: internal jugular vein
Clinic note
Dangerous angle of face

15. Position
Dangerous triangle of face

16. communication

17. 2. Maxillary vein
3. Superficial temporal vein
4. Retromandibular vein
anteior branch facial vein
posterior branch external jugular vein

19. Subclavian vein Collection: the blood of upper limb
Begin: Outer border of the first rib
End: brachiocephalic vein
Tributaries: external jugular vein, axillary vein
Clinic note
The wall of the subclavian vein is tightly fastened by the fascia around it . When the vein is hurt in clinic operation, the air can go into the vessel through the aperture, and then could result in the air embolus.

21. the veins of upper limb Deep veins superficial veins basilic vein
cephalic vein
basilic vein
median cubital vein

22. Cephalic vein
Begin: lateral side of dorsal venous rete Route: lateral side of cubital fossa
lateral groove of beceps brachii
groove between deltoid and
pectoralis major
End: axillary vein or subclavian vein

23. basilic vein
Begin: medial side of dorsal venous rete Route: medial side of cubital fossa
medial groove of beceps brachii
End: brachial vein or axillary vein

24. Median cubital vein

26. Azygos vein, hemiazygos vein accessory, hemiazygos vein
Right ascending lumbar vein
Left ascending lumbar vein
Hemiazygos vein
Subclavian vein
Azygos vein

27. Vertebral venous plexuses
Internal vertebral venous plexuses
External vertebral venous plexuses
Drain into the vertebral, posterior intercostal, lumbar, lateral sacral veins.

28. Inferior vena cava system
Trunk: Inferior vena cava
formed by two common iliac
begins at level to fifth lumbar vertebra
ends in right atrium(at the lower and posterior part)
tributaries

33. posterior tibial vein Popliteal vein Femoral vein
The veins of lower limb
deep veins
Anterior tibial vein
posterior tibial vein
Popliteal vein
Femoral vein

34. The superficial veins **
the great saphenous vein
Origin
the medial side of the dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the foot.

35. Route in front of the thigh behind the medial surface
of the tibia and femur.
the medial aspect of the leg
in front of the medial malleolus

36. end
the femoral vein
saphenous hiatus

37. Tributaries The superfical epigastric vein
The superficial iliac circumflex vein
The external pudendal vein
The superficial lateral femoral vein
The superficial medial femoral vein

38. in clinic Varicose vein (the vein becomes dilated and tortuous)
Operation: all the tributaries at the groin have to be ligated as well as the main saphenous trunk. If one tributary escapes, it in turn becomes dilated and produces recurrence of the varices.

40. origin route end the small saphenous vein
the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the foot.
route
Passes behind the lateral malleous.
Ascends along the middle of the back
of the leg, and pierce the deep fascia.
end
the popliteal vein

41. The veins of pelvis Internal iliac vein and it’s tributries
External iliac vein
Common iliac vein

42. Common iliac vein Internal iliac vein External iliac vein Femoral vein
Parietal tributaries
Inferior epigastric vein
Receive the blood from the
regions which the corresponding
Arteries supply.
Superior rectal vein
Inferior rectal vein
Internal pudendal vein
(rectal venous plexus)
Internal and external rectal plexuses
Visceral tributaries

44. The tributaries of the inferior vena cava
Inferior phrenic vein
Parietal
tributaries
Lumbar vein
Hepatic vein
Pampiniform plexus
Visceral
tributaries
Right suprarenal vein
Internal vein of the
Spermatic cord
Renal vein
Right testicular vein
(Right ovarian vein)

45. Hepatic portal vein system
Trunk: hepatic portal vein
Collection
the blood from the abdominal part of the
digestive canal, except the anal canal,
and from the pancreas, the spleen and
the gallbladder and the liver.

46. Form and The types of the hepatic portal vein

47. Tributaries Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Left gastric vein
Right gastric vein
Paraumbilical vein
Cystic vein

48. anastomoses Esophageal venous plexus Rectal venous plexus
Periumbilical venous rete

49. Questions
1. please describe the origin, route and end of the great saphenous vein.
2.what are the tributaries of great saphenous vein?

50. thanks!