2. Final Exam Review
Quiz Basket

3. Rules:
There are two teams.
Team 1 is asked a question.
If answered correctly – Earn 3 points and the chance to score a basket
If basket is scored, earn an additional 2 points
If basket is missed, earn 0 additional points, but keep first 3 points.
If answered incorrectly, pass to other team
If other team answers correctly, 0 points are awarded, but earn a chance to score a basket
If basket is scored, team earns 5 points.
If team answers incorrectly, team earns 0 points, but takes the next question.

4. The following review includes topics that may be included in your Final Exam. If a topic is not included in this review, and is not included in the printout “Final Exam Review” which you received in class a week ago, then the chances are very, very strong that it will not be on the Final Exam.

5. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does one atom of aluminum have?
Aluminum has 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons

6. How are the metric units for length, mass, and volume related?
The unit for length is 1 cm, or 1/100 of a meter. a gram, the unit for mass, is the mass of 1 cm cubed of water, and 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm is 1 Liter, the unit for volume.

7. How was the metric unit for length created?
The unit for length came about when scientists calculated the distance from the equator to the pole, and divided it by 1/10,000,000 to get the length of a meter.

8. Who designed the metric system?
French Academy of Science Late 1700s (1789)

9. List 4 of Earth’s spheres, and describe each:
Biosphere – all life
Geosphere – solid crust, mantle, and core
Atmosphere – layer of gas surrounding planet
Hyrdosphere – water on the planet
Anthrosphere, or Anthroposphere – parts of the planet made or altered by humans

10. Which of the planet’s layers is the densest, and what was the process by which Earth’s mass became layered due to density?
Differentiation caused the densest material to sink and become the inner core.

11. Infrared Radiation, its wavelength is longer than visible light.
Which wavelength on the EM spectrum is responsible for heat, and how does its wavelength compare to visible light?
Infrared Radiation, its wavelength is longer than visible light.

12. Ultraviolet radiation, its wavelength is shorter than visible light.
Which wavelength on the EM spectrum is responsible for causing sunburn, and how does its wavelength compare to visible light?
Ultraviolet radiation, its wavelength is shorter than visible light.

13. Put the following types of EM waves in order from highest frequency to lowest frequency:
Gamma Rays, Microwaves, Radiowaves, Infrared, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, X-rays
Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio waves.

14. What are the three types of heat transfer, and what medium does each need?
Convection – fluid (gas or liquid)
Conduction – solid
Radiation – needs no medium, travels through empty space.

15. Which layer of the atmosphere contains over 80% of the atmosphere’s mass? Based on your knowledge, and the graph below, tell three additional facts about this layer.
Troposphere, layer where weather occurs, layer cools as altitude increases, is area with highest amount of water vapor, and highest pressure.

16. Which layers of the atmosphere cool as altitude increases, and of these two layers, which cools more?
Troposphere and Mesosphere both cool, but the Mesosphere cools more (90 degrees) than the Troposphere (60 degrees)

17. Which layers of the atmosphere increase with temperature as altitude increases, and which layer has the greatest temperature range?
The stratosphere and thermosphere both warm as altitude increases. The Thermosphere has the greatest temperature range.

18. In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer, and how does the ozone layer affect life on the planet?
The ozone layer is in the Stratosphere, it protects life from UV radiation, yet allows enough UV through to help the human body produce Vit D.

19. At what metric height is the Tropopause?
Approximately 12 Km average altitude, varies at different parts of the planet.

20. Which global wind belt is responsible for the weather across N America?
Prevailing Westerlies

21. Describe the conditions at the Equator
Describe the conditions at the Equator. What is the name of the region as it relates to Global Wind Belts, what is the air pressure in the region, what is the wind level, and what is the typical cloud cover in the region, and why?
The equator is an area of low pressure, because sun’s direct rays warm the air and cause it to rise. Low pressure typically causes cloudy/rainy conditions. The area is called the Equatorial Doldrums, and there is little to no wind.

22. The rotation of the planet causes the curvature of the winds known as the _____________________
Coriolis Effect

23. Describe and explain the air pressure at the N and S Poles
Describe and explain the air pressure at the N and S Poles. Is it likely to be cloudy or clear in these regions?
Cold temperatures cause the air to become more dense, and sink, causing high pressure, which in turn causes clear conditions.

24. A. When measuring relative humidity, if the dry bulb reading is 14 C, and the wet bulb reading is 5 degrees cooler, what is the Relative Humidity?
B. Which holds more water vapor, cool air or warm air?
50%, warm air

25. A seismogram records the P wave of an Earthquake
A seismogram records the P wave of an Earthquake. Exactly 6 minutes after the beginning of the P wave, it records the beginning of an S wave. How far away did the quake occur?

26. What are the three basic types of Seismic Waves?
P waves (primary waves)
S waves (secondary waves)
Surface waves (L waves)

27. Of the three types of seismic waves, what is the order in which they will reach a seismograph?
P waves are fastest, then
S waves, with Surface waves being the slowest and the most destructive.

28. A. How many seismograms are needed to determine the exact location of an Earthquake?
B. How many seismograms are needed to determine the exact distance of an Earthquake?
Exact location requires three readings, distance requires one reading.

29. Describe the plate boundary:
What is the name of the geographic landform is created in this situation?
What geological activities would one expect to occur in this region?
Oceanic-Continental Convergence, where the oceanic crust is subducting beneath the continental crust, causing the occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes, and the formation of a volcanic arc.

30. Describe the plate boundary:
Oceanic-Oceanic Divergence, causing Seafloor Spreading, and the formation of new seafloor of cooled lava (basalt) A ridge forms.

31. Describe the plate boundary:
What geologic formation is created?
Continental-Continental Convergence – formation of mountains in the process of mountain building.

32. Describe the plate boundary:
What is the name of the geographic landform is created in this situation?
What geological activities would one expect to occur in this region?
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence, where the oceanic crust is subducting beneath another oceanic plate, causing the occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes, and the formation of an island arc.

33. Describe the plate boundary:
What is the name of the geographic landform is created in this situation?
What geological activities would one expect to occur in this region?
Continental-Continental Divergence, Causing a rift valley. Possible volcanoes.

34. Describe what is occurring at the Aleutian Trench
Describe what is occurring at the Aleutian Trench. In which direction are the plates moving, and which plate is being subducted? What type of geologic structure is likely to form in this area?
Convergent plate boundary, in which the Pacific Plate is subducting under the N American plate, there is an island arc occurring here, with possible volcanic activity and earthquakes.

35. Describe what is occurring at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Describe what is occurring at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge? What type of new rock is forming here?
Sea floor spreading due to an oceanic – oceanic divergent plate boundary, usually broken by transform faults along the ridge. New basalt seafloor is being formed.

36. Give an example of a transform fault that is not in the US.
Southwest Indian Ridge, Scotia Plate,

37. Give an example of a tectonic plate that is primarily granitic.
Any continental plate will be primarily granitic, Eurasian plate, N American Plate

38. Give an example of a tectonic plate that is primarily basaltic.
Any oceanic plate will be primarily basaltic, Pacific Plate.

39. Name two plates that meet as a part of the “Ring of Fire”
Answers may vary, any two plates that form a boundary around the Pacific Rim.

40. What are 6 measurements used to describe weather and climate?
Temperature
Humidity
Cloud Cover
Precipitation
Wind
Air Pressure

41. What instruments are used to measure the properties below?
Temperature
Humidity
Wind
Air Pressure
Thermometer
Hygrometer or Psychrometer
Anemometer
Barometer

42. List four types of air masses, and describe the temperature and humidity of each.
Continental Polar – cold, dry
Maritime Polar – cold, humid
Continental Tropical – warm, dry
Maritime Tropical – warm, humid

43. Describe the scale used to measure hurricanes.
Saffir-Simpson Scale ranks hurricanes from Category 1 – Category 5 based on windspeed.

44. Describe the scale used to measure tornadoes’
Enhanced Fujita Scale measures tornadoes from EF 0 to EF 5 based on wind speed AND damage.

45. In which continents do tornadoes occur and not occur?
Tornadoes occur in all continents, but most frequently in N America.

46. Explain the relationship between air pressure and altitude:
The higher the altitude, the less air pressure.

47. What is the name of the lines with numbers on them, (ex 29
What is the name of the lines with numbers on them, (ex near Seattle) what is their unit, and what do they represent?
Isobars show the atmospheric pressure and these units are inches of mercury on a barometer.

48. What type of front is this, and what does it represent?
This is a warm front, where a warm air mass is overtaking a cold air mass moving in the same direction. There may be clouds, and rain in this area

49. What is the cloud cover likely to be in this area?
Areas of high pressure are sunny and clear.

50. Name the wind affecting Chicago, and tell its speed.
This is a SW wind that is blowing at 8-12 mph.

51. Winds always blow from ________ pressure to _________ pressure.
High pressure to Low pressure.

52. A rapid decrease in pressure causes cooling of air
A rapid decrease in pressure causes cooling of air. The water vapor will _______________________ and form _________________.
Condense and form clouds.