1. Reconstruction
Of the South

2. Lincoln’s Plan Pardon and grant amnesty
When 10% of the 1860 voters took an oath and agree to abide by the government which abolishes slavery, then the state government will be recognized
States had never left the union; some citizens were in rebellion; we are all country men again

3. Johnson’s Plan Follow Lincoln’s plan Generous with pardons
Forgiving: He was a southerner
Let states pass black codes
For a state to hold a constitutional convention they must
Void secession
Ratify the 13th amendment
Stop paying war debt
In December of 1865 Johnson pardons 58 representatives of the Confederate Congress
6 who served in the Cabinet
4 rebel generals
This enrages the Radical Republicans

4. Problems for Johnson Lincoln was popular / Johnson was not
Lincoln could get along with critics / Johnson could not
Northerners were blaming the south
Johnson is impeached for political reasons: Johnson is saved by one vote
His crime: use of “intemperate language” and bringing disgrace and ridicule on Congress.
The impeachment is more about Johnson’s vetoes; The radicals are accused of trying to destroy the system of checks and balances and trying to gain too much power.

5. Radical Republicans’ Plan
South must be Punished
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divides the South into 5 Military Districts
Each governed by a Union General
Confederacy can’t pay war debts or Southerners for the loss of their slaves.
Punish states which do not allow African-American males to vote
Thaddeus Stevens: “I look upon every man who would permit slavery … as a traitor to liberty and disloyal to God”
The Radical Republicans gain control of the Congress and can override Johnson’s vetoes.

6. RR Cont.
All qualified voters not including those who supported the Confederacy could vote for delegates to a Constitutional Convention when
The 14th amendment was ratified
Guaranteed the rights to all citizens
Permit African American males the right to vote

7. Wade-Davis Bill
Congress controls Reconstruction, not the President
South will be under a military government
Lincoln uses pocket vetoes

9. Freedman’s Bureau: aid medical care to help newly freed blacks: built schools and hospitals
13th amendment: ends slavery
14th Amendment: everyone born in the U.S.A is a citizen; state can’t deny a citizen federal rights of life, liberty or property without due process
15th amendment: The right to vote for African American males
North

10. Black Codes: used to control the actions of ex-slaves examples are curfews, can’t serve on a jury, can’t marry whites, can’t carry a weapon
Sharecropping: ties workers to land; like slavery
Segregation: separate by race
Solid South: south votes strongly democratic
South

11. Voting Restrictions
South passed laws to keep African-Americans from voting or holding office.
Poll Taxes: pay a fee in order to vote
Grandfather clause: you may vote only if your grandfather had voted in the past
Literacy test: you must show you can read in order to vote

13. Attempts to profit from Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers: Northerner who moves to the south to exploit situations created by Reconstruction for their own advantage
Scalawag: Southerner who cooperates with Reconstruction and joins the Republican party. These individuals are considered traitors by white Southerners.

14. Jim Crow Laws Laws passed that separated blacks and whites in Trains
Theaters
Streetcars
Playgrounds
Hospitals
Beaches
Cemeteries

15. Post Civil War Agenda Caring for the needs of newly freed slaves
Employment assistance
Housing assistance
Educational provision
Granting full rights as citizens
Mending the rift between North and south
Granting amnesty to confederates
Restoring states their full rights
Returning confiscated land to former confederate owners

16. Grant as President Elected in 1868
Radical Republicans want to divide the plantation land among slaves. Not supported by the Republican moderates
Sharecropping and tenant farming developed
15th amendment passed: voting rights