1. The Past Perfect Tense

2. I had eaten my breakfast before I went to school.

3. I had eaten breakfast
before
I went to school .

4. How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past.
EXAMPLE :
The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

5. The Past Perfect
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.

6. To talk about a past action that ended before another action or time in the past, we use before and after. We use the simple past too.
The film had started before we arrived
We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before
With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by the time, by and until
By the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner

7. He came to my house. I had already left. He came to my house after
Simple Past Tense
I had already left.
Past Perfect Tense
He came to my house
after
I had already left.
Chapter 11

8. after I had already left.
Simple Past Tense
He came to my house
after I had already left.
Past Perfect
This action takes place farther back in the past.
Chapter 11

9. after I had already left.
Simple Past Tense
He came to my house.
Past Perfect
I had already left.
He came to my house
after I had already left.
Chapter 11

10. Look at this example. After he had taken his music lesson,
he made a telephone call.

11. What had Ali done before he went fishing?
Ali had repaired his car
before he went fishing.

12. The key words of this tense are:
after
as soon as
{had+PP}
, Past simple

13. The key words of this tense are:
before
{past simple}
+ Had+PP
By the time

14. After I had finished work , I watched TV
Make similar sentences using after and before.
Finish work-watch TV
After I had finished work , I watched TV
Before I watched TV , I had finished my work.

15. By the time I went to school,I had eaten my breakfast.
Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as
Eat breakfast-go to school
By the time I went to school,I had eaten my breakfast.
As soon as I had eaten my breakfast, I went to school

16. By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as
Police arrive-thief escape
By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
As soon as the thief had escaped , the police arrived.

17. So it is correct to say:
After he had finished the meeting , he made a telephone call. o R
Before he made a telephone call , he had finished the meeting.

18. The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject
auxiliary verb
main verb + I
had
finished
my work.
You
stopped
before me. -
She
not
gone
to school. We
left. ?
Had
you
arrived?
they
eaten
dinner?

19. THE END