1. Recombinant hirudin enhances cardiac output and decreases systemic vascular resistance during reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass in a porcine model 
Mikko Jormalainen, MD, Antti E. Vento, MD, PhD, Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto, MD, PhD, Raili Suojaranta-Ylinen, MD, PhD, O.Juhani Rämö, MD, PhD, Jari Petäjä, MD, PhD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 128, Issue 2, Pages (August 2004)
DOI: /j.jtcvs

2. Figure 1
The effect of r-hirudin on thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes during CPB and during reperfusion. Both experimental groups consisted of 10 animals. P value for comparison between the 2 experimental groups was calculated with analysis of covariance. Values are given as mean ± SD. Pre CPB, Before CPB; 0, just before aortic declamping.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )

3. Figure 2
The effect of r-hirudin on stroke volume (SV) (A), cardiac output (CO) (B), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (C) during CPB and during reperfusion. P value for comparison between the 2 experimental groups was calculated with analysis of covariance. Values are given as mean ± SD. Pre CPB, Before CPB.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )

4. Figure 3
Intestinal pH (pHi) (A) and the gradients for Pco2 [P(i-a)co2] (B) and pH [pH(a-i)] (C) between arterial and intestinal values during CPB and during reperfusion. A significant decrease during CPB and during reperfusion in pHi was seen over time (P < .001, analysis of covariance) but no intergroup differences were observed. Of note, a change in the curve trends of cross-mucosal Pco2 and pH gradients at 30 minutes after aortic declamping was observed in the placebo group but not in the r-hirudin group. None of the intergroup differences were statistically significant. Values are given as mean ± SD. Pre CPB, Before CPB; CPB, 30 minutes after the start of CPB; 0, just before aortic declamping.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )