1. Parts of a Cell

2. How do we know if something is alive?
How do we define what it means to be alive?

3. Defining Life
There is no universal definition of life. To define life in terms is still a challenge for scientists.
Conventional definition: must exhibit the following criteria:
Homeostasis: Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature.
Organization: Being composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life.
Metabolism: Consumption of energy
Growth: A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter.
Adaptation: The ability to change over a period of time in response to the environment
Response to stimuli: A response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals. A response is often expressed by motion, for example, the leaves of a plant turning toward the sun or an animal chasing its prey.
Reproduction: The ability to produce new organisms.

4. Cell Theory - Review All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure (form) and function (purpose) in living things.
Living cells come only from other living cells
Brainpop: Cells

5. What technology was created that allowed cells to be discovered?
Hint: you could not SEE a cell without this piece of equipment.
Another hint: we used this piece of equipment during our last unit of study.

6. What are cells?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All living things are made up of cells
Cell are the building blocks of life
Cells are specialized to do certain jobs in different regions of your body.
There are about 200 different types of cells in your body.
Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a million of them on a period at the end of a sentence.

7. Cells Cells were named by Robert Hooke.
1st scientist to call spaces in cork cells he observed under the microscope “cells.”
Comes from the Latin word cella which means “little rooms”.
Unicellular: one cell – bacteria.
Multicellular: many cells –humans have over 200 different types of cells (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total cells.

8. Cells
Each cell is an amazing world unto itself: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary.
Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these activities.
Organelles: small structures, or “organs” within cells that perform a specific function

9. PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

10. Cell Theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms.
All cells come from other cells already in existence.

11. CELL WALL: PLANT
Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure
A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell
Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant

12. Plant Cell
Cell Wall

13. CELL MEMBRANE Plant and Animal
Function: Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell
   

14. Animal Cell
Cell Membrane

15. Plant Cell
Cell Membrane

16. Cytoplasm Function: Where the organelles are located.
The jellylike material located inside the cell.
In Both Plant and Animal Cell
Cytoplasm

17. Animal Cell
Cytoplasm

18. Plant Cell
Cytoplasm

19. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Function: transports materials through the cell
Rough ER is covered with ribosome's that give it a rough appearance
In both Plant and Animal Cell

20. Animal Cell
Smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

21. Plant Cell
Smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

22. Chloroplast
Function: Manufactures food through photosynthesis. Uses energy from sunlight to make sugar.
An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll
Only in Plant Cell

23. Plant Cell
Chloroplast

24. Golgi Bodies
Function: Golgi bodies are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell.
Are stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the cell.
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

25. Animal Cell
Golgi Body

26. Plant Cell
Golgi Body

27. Lysosome Function: Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place
Also called cell vesicles
Spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane
They contain digestive enzymes
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

28. Animal Cell
Lysosome

29. Plant Cell
Lysosome

30. Mitochondria Functions: Where energy is released.
Rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane
Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae)
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

31. Animal Cell
Mitochondria

32. Plant Cell
Mitochondria

33. Nucleus: The Manager
Function: Controls many of the functions of the cell
Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus
Contains DNA (in chromosomes)
Surrounded by the nuclear membrane
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

34. Animal Cell
Nucleus

35. Plant Cell
Nucleus

36. Ribosomes
Function: Small structures in the cytoplasm that create proteins.
Ribosome's are either free floating in the cytoplasm of a cell or attached to endoplasmic reticulum in a cell.
In both Plant and Animal Cell

37. Animal Cell
Ribosomes

38. Plant Cell
Ribosomes

39. Vacuole
Function: Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell.
Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell
Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell
Many in Animal, One large in Plant

40. Animal Cell
Vacuole

41. Plant Cell
Vacuole

42. Nuclear Membrane Protects and guards the nucleus
Controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus
Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus
Allows other materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

43. Animal Cell
Nuclear Membrane

44. Plant Cell
Nuclear Membrane

45. Nucleolus Controls the cells activity… The Brain Inside the nucleus
The nucleolus is the part of the nucleus which contains most of the genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA
In both Plant and Animal Cell

46. Animal Cell
Nucleolus

47. Nucleolus
Plant Cell

48. Chromosomes Contains the DNA Located in the nucleus
In Both Plant and Animal Cell

49. Animal Cell
Chromosomes

50. Plant Cell
Chromosomes

51. Animal Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Smooth ER
Lysosome
Golgi Body
Vacuole
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes

52. Plant Cell Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes Nucleus Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Smooth ER
Golgi Body
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes

53. Edible Plant and Animal Cells

54. Animal Cell

55. Plant Cell
________
________
_________

56. Animal Cell Parts Plant Cell Parts Nuclear membrane Chromosomes
Mitochondria Nucleus
Smooth ER Nucleolus
Rough ER
Golgi Body
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Plant Cell Parts
Nuclear membrane Chromosomes
Mitochondria Nucleus
Smooth ER Nucleolus
Rough ER Chloroplast
Golgi Body Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cytoplasm