1. Council on Higher Education Quality Promotion Conference: Shadow or Ghostwriting as a form of misrepresentation and global threat to academic integrity?
Presented by: Odwa Nweba

2. What is shadow/ ghost writing?
Shadow /ghost writing is the practise whereby a writer is hired to by another person to author work on behalf of that person.

3. Essential elements
Student/ academic

4. Essential elements
Writer

5. Essential elements
A paper

6. Process

7. Websites
A recent Google search produced over 4.6 million references to these services in less than half a second

8. Different papers
Simple Essay
Doctoral Thesis
Assignment
And more

9. Misrepresentation

10. Definition
“A misrepresentation is made when X makes a representation to Y implying that a condition or set of conditions exist that, in reality, does not exist. A misrepresentation may be made: • by way of behaviour (such as nodding your head); or • by way of an omission (to omit to do something); or  • when there is a misrepresentation regarding a fact.”

11. Misrepresentation
Does Ghostwriting amount to misrepresentation?

12. Misrepresentation
True author

13. Academic Misconduct

14. Ghostwriting amounts to the very least academic misconduct

15. Every university aims to uphold academic integrity

16. Academic Integrity
Effect
Number of websites

17. Academic Integrity
Global threat

18. Academic Integrity Enhancing Academic Integrity
Measures to curb the increase of ghostwriting