1. Introduction to A&P

2. Where did it all start? With questions!!! Injury Illness
People simply began asking questions, seeking answers, thus setting the stage for modern medicine.

3. Scientific Method
Formulating a hypothesis
Testing
Reject or Accept

4. Why was the study of the body needed?
Disease?
Technology?
“City life”?

5. What is A&P anyway?

6. Defined Anatomy Physiology “a cutting up” -Structure
Example: the liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen; has 2 lobes; connects to the gallbladder
“relationship to nature”
-functions
Example: the liver serves as a filter that detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins, and synthesizes proteins including clotting factors and enzymes

7. Reflection journal
Describe how Anatomy and Physiology are both new and old sciences?

8. Levels of Organization

9. Levels of Organization
Subatomic Particles – electrons, protons, and neutrons
Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom, etc.
Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule, etc.
Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule, etc.
Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, etc.
Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell, etc.
Tissue – simple squamous epithelium, adipose tissue, etc.
Organ – skin, femur, heart, kidney, etc.
Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system, etc.
Organism – the human

10. Chemical Level Atoms Small Invisible Spheres of Matter Building blocks
More than 100 types
Form cytoplasm (essential material of human life)

11. Organelle Level
Chemical structures organized within larger units (cells) are called ORGANELLES
Structures made of molecules organized
Perform specific function
“tiny organs” allow cells to live
Cannot survive outside of cell nor cell survive without organelle

12. Cellular Level Most numerous Most important
Must have chemical and organelle level
150lb human has 100,000,000,000,000

13. Cells Surrounded by a membrane Single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm
Includes numerous organelles required for specialized activity
Specialized to perform unique functions
Types?

14. Tissues
A group of similar cells developed together from the same part of the embryo and specialized to perform as specific function
Fabric of the body
Surrounded by a “matrix” of materials

15. Tissue Types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Many sub-types

16. Organ Level
Structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged together in order to perform a specific function
If tissue is “fabric” then an organ is an item of “clothing” made up of different fabrics.
Heart Example: muscle and specialized connective tissues give it shape, specialized epithelial tissues line the cavities, or chambers, and nervous tissues permit control of muscular contraction

17. System Level Most complex of the organizational units of the body
11 major systems compose the human body
Might be combined “musculoskeletal” or remain separate “sensory nervous system” depending on professions

19. Organism Level Integrated and interactive structures Human body
Reproduce itself
Repair and replace worn or damaged parts
Maintain homeostasis
Maintain constant blood levels, chemical levels, and nutrients
Protect against disease
Eliminate waste
Coordinate movement
Interpret sound and images
Recap