1. Scientific Writing

2. Types of articles Narrative review or review article Meta-analysis
Theoretical paper
Empirical article

3. APA style for references
Auster, C. J., & Ohm, S. C. (2000). Masculinity and femininity in contemporary American
society: A reevaluation using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Sex Roles, 43, doi: /A:
Wakefield, J. A., Sasek, J., Friedman, A. F., & Bowden, J. D. (1976). Androgyny and other
measures of masculinity-femininity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, doi: / x

4. Cover page 10-12 word title Get in IV and DV
Leave out words you don’t need

5. Abstract 120-150 words Problem statement Who did what Main findings
What they mean

6. Introduction section Keep the review balanced
Review “both” sides if there are two sides
Give an honest and accurate review
Keep researchers in ()
NOT: “Smith and Jones (2000) found that people who chose experiences over material goods were generally happier with their decision.
INSTEAD: “People who choose experiences instead of material goods are generally happier (Smith & Jones, 2000)

7. Give a roadmap
Set up sections to come
Organize by those sections
Summarize them at the end
Cite classic articles as well as newer ones

8. Introduction paragraph format
Topic sentence—what does this paragraph add to our knowledge?
Summary of findings and relevant methodology of studies supporting your topic sentence
Sum it up with what this means or suggests

9. “The social inhibition of responsible behavior is not limited to emergencies. Individuals become slower or less likely to pick up dropped objects in elevators (Latane & Dabbs, 1975), to answer the telephone (Levy et al., 1972), or even to respond to a knock on the door (Freeman, 1974, as cited in Latane, 1981), as the number of others able to respond increases. Even such a routine behavior as tipping in restaurants is an inverse function of group size: The larger the group that shares in the responsibility for coming up with a tip, the smaller the percentage contributed (Freeman, Walker, Borden, & Latane, 1975).”
Harkins & Latané, 1998

10. Your lit review should Define and clarify the problem
Summarize previous research
Identify inconsistencies, gaps, controversies
Keep your terminology consistent
Suggest the next steps (your study!)
The last part of this section should address how your study adds to previous research (what’s new) and what your hypothesis/research question is.

11. More general style stuff
Past tense when referring directly to a study or describing yours
Present tense for general findings or present results
Avoid biased language (opposite sex, he)
Each participant indicated how many friends he had.
Drug addicts generally have trouble completing questionnaires.
The boys had trouble relating to the opposite sex.
Ethnicity?
Watch noun/pronoun agreement
example

12. Word choices Data are plural Different from, not than
That vs. which vs. who
Effect vs. affect

13. Be clear, not flowery
Say what things are, rather than what they are not
Don’t call things “Group 1” or “Hypothesis 1” repeatedly

14. Examples
It would be of no pragmatic value to present such a baneful history of the way things appear to be in regard to the insanity issue without addressing what can be done to ameliorate such circumstances. In this vein, I sought to identify the most efficient method to educate the general public regarding the insanity issue.
This manipulation was designed as a simultude of the mundane, often complex graphs and tables utilized by an overwhelming majority of professional journals and textbooks.
Many have concluded that such omnipresent and inaccurate depictions can only serve to perpetuate and make even more salient these myths.
It was anticipated that since a majority of the American public have become so inured to the frequent, insidious media portrayals involving atypical acts of violence (allegedly perpetuated by the mentally ill) that when surveyed they would draw upon these distorted characterizations as their primary source of information.

15. Plagiarism What are examples of plagiarism/improper citation?
Why is it a bad thing?

16. Strategies to avoid plagiarism
Rewrite your notes
Use “ in notes for quotes
Always put page # for quotes
Don’t use many quotes
Read, then pause before writing
Make notes on the article
More important, more extreme
Outline your paper and then fill in
More important attitudes are more extreme.
College students and elementary school children on school proposals (Harton & Latane, 1998)
When judging others (Justin, 2000)
Believe others will do too (McConahay & Costa, 2004)

17. From Joseph Balkoski’s (1989) Beyond the Beachhead:
“The next morning, the 29ers draped the body with the Stars and Stripes and hoisted it on top of a huge pile of stones that once had been a wall of Sainte Croix Church, one block west of the cemetery. The body remained on display throughout July 19. The 29ers and some of the few civilians remaining in the city adorned the site with flowers.”
From Stephen Ambrose’s (1997) Citizen Soldiers:
“Men from the 3rd Battalion draped the body with the Stars and Stripes and hoisted it on top of a huge pile of stones that once had been a wall in the Saint Croix Church, a block from the cemetery. Howie’s body remained on display throughout the next day, July 19. The GIs and some of the few civilians remaining in the town adorned the site with flowers.”

18. Plagiarism exercise

19. UNI ethics code