1. Early Development of Congenital Heart Surgery: Open Heart Procedures
Denton A. Cooley, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 64, Issue 5, Pages (November 1997)
DOI: /S (97)
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Alfred Blalock performing an operation to correct tetralogy of Fallot (Blalock-Taussig anastomosis). I was a surgical intern in 1944 at Johns Hopkins Hospital when Blalock performed the first Blalock-Taussig anastomosis.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Technique of controlled cross-circulation used by Lillehei to perform direct vision intracardiac operations: (a) patient, (b) donor, (c) single pump controlling reciprocal exchange of blood between patient and donor, (d) vena caval catheter, positioned to draw blood from both the superior and inferior venae cavae.
Reprinted with permission from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons [Ann Thorac Surg 1986;41:12].
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
DeWall-Lillehei pump oxygenator, the first one used to perform open heart surgery at the Texas Heart Institute in 1956.
Reprinted with permission from Cooley DA. Recollections of early development and later trends in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;98:817–21.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4 Collapsible, disposable oxygenator designed by Vincent Gott.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions