1. INGL 3231 Prof. cristal heffelfinger
The Summary
INGL 3231
Prof. cristal heffelfinger

2. Summarizing is linked to active processing
Comprehension
Production
Organization (mapping)
Retrieval
A good summary denotes an active and effective reading of a text. This technique may help you store and retrieve information more easily; therefore, it can aid your memory. It involves both high comprehension and production skills, since, on the one hand, you try to make sense of the text and, on the other hand, you re-create it.
Storage

3. Main elements in a summary
Title = same as the original
Paraphrased main ideas
Transition words and phrases
Few details (if any)
No opinions or external comments
Use your own words. / Even though it is not advisable to include details, you may want to add supporting ideas to strengthen or clarify the main points. / No opinions or external comments: Your goal is to write about the article/story, not about the topic.

4. “ Summaries should be only 10 percent to 25 percent as long as the original selection” (Elder, 2008).

5. Basic rules: Prewriting
Read the text more than once
Skim the text
Do careful reading
Identify what’s important (and what’s not)
Cross out repeated or trivial information
Group together similar word categories
Take notes
Highlight main ideas in each paragraph
Combine main ideas
Your first step is to get a “bird’s eye view” of the text.

6. Basic rules: Writing Rewrite Refine Paraphrase main points
Replace specific words with general categories
Maintain the original ordering of elements
Refine
Incorporate transitions
Use clean, straightforward, and neutral language
Revise your grammar and punctuation
Include the title
Paraphrasing: Do not incorporate quotations or try to imitate the author’s style. Remember that, even though is a text based on another one, it is still your piece. // Original ordering: Although this is not a feature of all summaries (see Hunter College article, for example), it is advisable for our purposes. In fact, since our final objective is to write a review, it is useful to provide an overview of the structure of the text first. Then, discuss the main points in each section.

7. Make sure that you include:
General topic
Research question / Conflict
Thesis
Supporting arguments and evidence / Main events
Conclusion / Ending or final message
The items at the left make reference to essays and scholarly articles, while those at the right may be applied to works of creative literature.

8. Is summarizing the opposite of writing?

9. Close, but not really… Develop a main idea
“Regular” writing
Summarizing
Develop a main idea
Add examples and supporting arguments
Accessorize with details!
Find the main idea
Use as few additional elements as possible
Strip down the text (delete details)

10. Original
Summary

11. References
Dr. Murray and Anna C. Rockowitz Writing Center. (2017). The writing process: Guidelines for writing a summary. Retrieved from
Elder, J. (2008). Entryways into college reading and learning. Retrieved from
Odegaard Writing and Research Center. (n.d.). How to write a summary. Retrieved from
Trent University. (2014). Writing article summaries. Retrieved from