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Chapter 11 Jacksonian America
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From log cabin to mansion
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Andrew Jackson From log cabin to mansion first president from a state west of the original thirteen Lawyer, judge, land speculator, politician, Indian fighter, and planter Championed the causes of the common people Gained national fame from his actions during the Battle of New Orleans in 1814 During his time, industry & agriculture expanded at a rapid pace
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Jackson and the Spoils System
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Jackson and the Spoils System _____________________: rewarded friends and followers with government positions He placed trust in popular opinion disadvantages produced inefficiency and corruption aided the growth of political machines This represented a shift toward democracy from the more republican form of government. Jackson replaces hundreds of capable government workers with loyal followers Political Machines- organized groups of politicians who sought government control.
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result set a negative ______________ for government job distribution
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp result set a negative ______________ for government job distribution abolished by the Civil Service Act of 1883 James Garfield is assassinated in 1881 because of a disappointed job seeker
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Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet “_____________”
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet “_____________” a group of close friends that served as his informal advisors
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Attitudes and Policies regarding Indians
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Attitudes and Policies regarding Indians Jackson’s policies toward the Indians were ______________. Indians viewed as _____________, not citizens of the U. S. causes lack of understanding wanted their land Indians not viewed as people created in God’s image
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actions signed treaties and sent them west
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp actions signed treaties and sent them west Indian Removal Act: gave the military the power to move the Indians by force By 1830, his goals was to move the Indians off the land that the whites wanted.
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________________ in Georgia: refused to give up their lands
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Trouble in the South 1833: The Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws had been moved to lands west of the Mississippi. ________________ in Georgia: refused to give up their lands 1831 the state of GA convicted a white missionary for living in Cherokee territory Samuel Worcester held that the state had no authority over Cherokee lands. The SC agreed with him
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp _____________________________: The court ordered Georgia to release Worcester and ordered Jackson to send in troops to protect Cherokee lands. Involved Indians’ and states’ rights Treaty of New Echota: gave the U.S. government possession of the Cherokee lands Jackson ignored the court saying, “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp ____________________, 1838: the forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma
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The ______________________
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The ______________________ Sauk and Fox tribes (led by Black Hawk) were forced to relocate to Iowa. When they returned to Illinois to search for food, pioneers panic thinking it’s an attack, state militia responds. _________________ Massacre: Militias killed most of Black Hawk’s army.
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-_______________tariff: a tariff designed to raise money
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp One of the most important issues during the Jackson presidency was the issue of _________’ rights. Tariff Troubles -_______________tariff: a tariff designed to raise money
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp Reasons for Tariffs _______________tariff: protected American businesses and manufacturers from foreign competition, but also raised the price of foreign goods
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factors affecting development of _______________________
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp factors affecting development of _______________________ abundant rivers (energy source) available capital (money) abundant labor supply
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The ________________________1828
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The ________________________1828 As cotton prices dropped, production costs rose, which Southerners blamed on the high tariff.
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The Defense of States’ Rights __________________(Jackson’s V.P.)
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The Defense of States’ Rights __________________(Jackson’s V.P.) leader defender of states’ rights promoted the idea of nullifying tariffs He said states could declare a federal law unconstitutional.
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____________________
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp ____________________ the South and West unite: The South supported a cheap land policy in exchange for western support of tariff reform.
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp ___________________, SC: defended the concept of nullification and states’ rights ____________________, MA: attacked nullification point by point, carefully defending the Constitution and the federal union
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Calhoun and Jackson Clash
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Calhoun and Jackson Clash Jackson was offended by Calhoun’s behavior toward Peggy Eaton. Jackson came to her defense. __________________resigned the vice-presidency, and Martin Van Buren succeeded him. Calhoun led the fight for states’ rights in the Senate.
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_____________________
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp A Time of Crisis _____________________ gained some support in the South and West because it was a bit lower than the 1828 tariff retained high tariffs on textiles and iron
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp South Carolina Issued the Ordinance of Nullification: nullified the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and threatened to secede (leave the Union) if the government used force Jackson sends a warship to Charleston and says he personally take the field and hang John C. Calhoun.
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________________: would gradually lower the tariff
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp _____________Bill: granted Jackson the right to use force to enforce laws ________________: would gradually lower the tariff
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Henry Clay- for the bank Andrew Jackson- against the bank
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The central issue in the election of ____________ was the future of the National Bank. Henry Clay- for the bank Andrew Jackson- against the bank
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Jackson’s Clash with Biddle __________________
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Jackson’s Clash with Biddle __________________ president of the Bank of the United States wanted the Bank to be rechartered; therefore he gave loans to Jackson supporters
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp President Jackson ________________ banks and thought that the federal government had too much power viewed National Bank as ______________ used the jealousies of the state banks and others opposed to the Bank to kill its re-charter bill passed Congress, but Jackson vetoed it
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Jackson and the “Pet Banks”
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Jackson and the “Pet Banks” In an effort to kill the National Bank, Jackson withheld funds and instead deposited tax revenue in state banks (“____________________”). Jackson went through 3 secretaries before he found one that would do his bidding.
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp Biddle responded by calling in loans owed by state banks, which caused many state banks to fail. To counteract the bank failures, Biddle began lending money which caused massive _____________.
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp ________________Bill: gave money to state governments to be used on internal improvements in order to stimulate the economy $37 Million loaned The number of state banks from increased from
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The ____________________ Jackson’s solution for inflation
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The ____________________ Jackson’s solution for inflation required gold or silver to be used in the purchase of government lands _________________- an increase in the money supply that caused corresponding rise in prices.
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increased the power of the presidency
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The Jacksonian Legacy increased the power of the presidency defended the Union on certain issues, deferred to the states on others
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The ________________________ _____________: new political party
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The ________________________ _____________: new political party issues supported the National Bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements more openly concerned with religion and morals Protestants, not Catholics and Episcopalians Viewed slavery as sinful Several diverse groups into one party, wanted to restore the proper constitutional balance of power.
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Democrats: nominated ______________________ (picked by A.J.)
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp candidates Hugh L. White William Henry Harrison Daniel Webster Their strategy was to send the election to the House of Representatives Democrats: nominated ______________________ (picked by A.J.)
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
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faced an ______________ depression
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The Van Buren Years faced an ______________ depression proposed an independent treasury system that would consist of a number of federal vaults and depositories and did not rely on private banking 1st POTUS not to have been born a British subject.
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made changes to the Supreme Court
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp made changes to the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall had died, and Jackson had appointed ________________ to his position. Jackson and Van Buren appointed ____ associate justices between them. greatest impact of this court came in the late 1850s when it supported ____________’ rights
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The _______________________ candidates
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The _______________________ candidates Democrats: Martin Van Buren Whigs: William Henry Harrison campaign The Whigs portrayed Harrison as a common man. John Tyler selected as Harrison’s running mate Campaign slogan was “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”
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___________________was the first President to die in office.
He served the shortest term in office (four weeks). Gave the longest inaugural speech in the rain. Came down with pnemonia
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1st V.P. to become POTUS after the death of his predecessor.
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp Tyler Too 1st V.P. to become POTUS after the death of his predecessor. conflict with his party Henry Clay believed Tyler should govern through a congressional committee. Tyler didn’t always go along with his party’s policies.
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Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America
pp The Man Without a Party The ___________________ of 1841: allowed squatters to buy western lands when they came up for public sale Tyler was expelled from the party after vetoing a bill to establish a new national bank. The Whigs referred to Tyler as “his accidency”
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The _______________________________ Treaty
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The _______________________________ Treaty determined the United States’ northern border with Canada between Minnesota and Maine
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the ____________ question
Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp The End of Tyler’s Term the ____________ question sought to annex Texas in time for the election of 1844 annexed Texas by a joint resolution just before he left office Lame duck- a President during the time between the election and leaving office. __________________ won the election of 1844.
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