1. Review for TEST on Chapters 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Jeopardy
Review for TEST on
Chapters 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

2. Chromosomes
Protein Synthesis
Heredity
Meiosis
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3. What is heredity?
HEREDITY- means passing of traits from parents to offspring (children).
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4. What is a gamete?
Gamete- is a reproductive cell. It can mean either a sperm cell or an egg cell.
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5. What is chromatin? How and when it changes to
chromosomes?
Chromatin is a loose DNA in the nucleus of a cell. It changes to chromosomes when a cell is ready to divide.
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6. What is DNA? What are nucleotides?
DNA is a double helix or “twisted” ladder that contains information for the future generation. Nucleotide is a repetitive unit of DNA that has 3 parts: a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A, T, G, C).
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7. What is genetics?
GENETICS is a study of genes and heredity.
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8. Why is it important for gametes to have half number of chromosomes?
The male gamete (23 chromosomes) must join with the female gamete (23 chromosomes) to form one cell (23+23=46 chromosomes), with one set of chromosomes.
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9. What is a gene? What is its role?
A gene is a part of DNA that controls that controls inherited traits. It will determine what a future offspring will look like.
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10. What is replication? Explain this process.
Replication is duplicating DNA. When it is a time for replication, DNA will “unzip.” The separated strand of DNA will be ready for new nitrogen bases to be paired up. The nitrogen bases follow the rules: A combines with T, and C combines with G. When the replication is finished, one DNA strand will separate and the other will remain with the old strand of DNA.
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11. What is a physical trait?
TRAIT- is a physical characteristic of an organism (living thing). An example of a trait can be blue eyes, black hair, tall, curly hair, long nose or short nose..
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12. What is the difference between haploid and diploid number?
Haploid- means a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) [in any body cell]
Diploid- means a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes meaning: (23+23= 46 chromosomes) [in gametes]
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13. Why chromosomes are in pairs?
Chromosomes come in pairs because during the fertilization, an offspring receives one set of chromosomes from a father and the other set of chromosomes from a mother.
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14. What are 4 differences between
DNA and RNA?
DNA: RNA:
-double helix -one strand
-sugar: deoxyribose -sugar: ribose
-A, T, G, C -A, U, G, C
-inside the nucleus -made in the nucleus, but can leave the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm
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15. What are inherited traits?
Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring are called inherited traits.
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16. What is meiosis?
Meiosis is the cell division in gametes that results in four haploid cells genetically different from each other and from the original cell.
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17. Karyotype- is an organized display of chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
Karyotype- is an organized display of chromosomes
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18. What is codon and anticodon?
Codon is 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA, while anticodon is at the bottom of tRNA. tRNA’s anticodon must match to the codon on mRNA in order to bring a specific amino acid.
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19. Describe briefly his life.
Who is the father of
genetics?
Describe briefly his life.
-born in 1822 in Czech Republic
-became a priest
-studied science and mathematics in University of Vienna
-worked in the monastery and its garden
-taught high school
-he studied peas
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20. How are mitosis and meiosis different?
Mitosis: it is a cell division of a body cell, with the same number of chromosomes.
Meiosis: produces 4 genetically different gametes, with a half number of chromosomes.
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21. What is an allele?
An allele is a different version or form (black, brown, yellow) of the same gene (gene for fur).
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22. Explain the protein synthesis.
mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome. It starts translation (protein synthesis). Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches to a codon on mRNA. Each tRNA brings its own amino acid that will join a growing polypeptide chain (protein).
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