1. Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data
by Jean-Pierre Bibring, Yves Langevin, John F. Mustard, François Poulet, Raymond Arvidson, Aline Gendrin, Brigitte Gondet, Nicolas Mangold, P. Pinet, F. Forget, Michel Berthé, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Aline Gendrin, Cécile Gomez, Brigitte Gondet, Denis Jouglet, François Poulet, Alain Soufflot, Mathieu Vincendon, Michel Combes, Pierre Drossart, Thérèse Encrenaz, Thierry Fouchet, Riccardo Merchiorri, GianCarlo Belluci, Francesca Altieri, Vittorio Formisano, Fabricio Capaccioni, Pricilla Cerroni, Angioletta Coradini, Sergio Fonti, Oleg Korablev, Volodia Kottsov, Nikolai Ignatiev, Vassili Moroz, Dimitri Titov, Ludmilla Zasova, Damien Loiseau, Nicolas Mangold, Patrick Pinet, Sylvain Douté, Bernard Schmitt, Christophe Sotin, Ernst Hauber, Harald Hoffmann, Ralf Jaumann, Uwe Keller, Ray Arvidson, John F. Mustard, Tom Duxbury, François Forget, and G. Neukum
Science
Volume 312(5772):
April 21, 2006
Published by AAAS

2. Fig. 1. Global maps of pyroxene (top) and anhydrous nanophase ferric oxides (bottom), exhibiting the anticorrelation between surface mafics and altered minerals (in the form of ferric oxides).
Global maps of pyroxene (top) and anhydrous nanophase ferric oxides (bottom), exhibiting the anticorrelation between surface mafics and altered minerals (in the form of ferric oxides). The cratered crust with large pyroxene content (top, yellow to red) is not covered with altered minerals (bottom, blue to green). Conversely, the large areas with no mafics (top, blue) correspond to the higher concentration of ferric oxides (bottom, red to white).
Jean-Pierre Bibring et al. Science 2006;312:
Published by AAAS

3. Fig. 2. OMEGA spectra of (A) a bright anhydrous soil, rich in nanophase ferric oxides; (B) a typical Fe-rich phyllosilicate area; and (C) a Mg-sulfate deposit.
OMEGA spectra of (A) a bright anhydrous soil, rich in nanophase ferric oxides; (B) a typical Fe-rich phyllosilicate area; and (C) a Mg-sulfate deposit.
Jean-Pierre Bibring et al. Science 2006;312:
Published by AAAS

4. Fig. 3. Global map of hydrated minerals (top) plotted over a MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) altitude reference map (bottom).
Global map of hydrated minerals (top) plotted over a MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) altitude reference map (bottom). Red, phyllosilicates; blue, sulfates; yellow, other hydrated minerals, with no marked feature (such as being driven by metal-OH vibration) enabling the identification.
Jean-Pierre Bibring et al. Science 2006;312:
Published by AAAS

5. Fig. 4. Magnification of one area of the global map of hydrated minerals (Fig. 3), mapping the hydrated sites in the Marwth Vallis region, with its context in a MGS MOLA altimetry map.
Magnification of one area of the global map of hydrated minerals (Fig. 3), mapping the hydrated sites in the Marwth Vallis region, with its context in a MGS MOLA altimetry map. Hydrated minerals are not found in the channel (blue arrow) but in the eroded flanks and the cratered plateau (red arrow).
Jean-Pierre Bibring et al. Science 2006;312:
Published by AAAS

6. Fig. 5. Sketch of the alteration history of Mars, with phyllosilicates formed first, then sulfates, then anhydrous ferric oxides.
Sketch of the alteration history of Mars, with phyllosilicates formed first, then sulfates, then anhydrous ferric oxides.
Jean-Pierre Bibring et al. Science 2006;312:
Published by AAAS