1. Biology Notes Cells Part 1 Pages 69-79

2. Standards
____ Describe the scientific theory of cells and relate the history of its discovery to the processes of science ____ Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well supported explanations and laws are well supported descriptions ____ Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3.1
3.2
3.3

3. Standards
____ Relate the structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells.
3.4

4. Essential Questions: 1. 2. How does the development of the cell
theory demonstrate the powerful nature of
science and its ability to make statements
with evidence to support them?
How are the characteristics of life
Manifested by the cell?

5. I. Cell History Cell = the basic ____ of ____
Until the invention of the __________ microscope, cells remained unknown to mankind
Robert Hooke – an ________
scientist who in _____ used
a compound microscope to
examine thin slices of _____
unit
life
compound
English
1665
cork

6. under the microscope he saw tiny boxes and named them _____
cells

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – a scientist who in _____ observed living _____ in pond water
1674
cells

8. II. The Cell Theory
If a particular hypothesis is supported by a large body of evidence then it can become a ______
theory

10. 1. Matthias Schleiden – a German botanist who in _____ observed ______ and concluded that all plants are made of _____
2. Theodor Schwann – a German biologist who in _____ observed ________ and concluded that all animals are made of _____
3. Rudolph Virchow – a German doctor who concluded that cells could only come from ___________ cells
1838
plants
cells
1839
animals
cells
pre-existing

12. Cell Theory = the idea that all ______ things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of _________ and function in living things and new _____ are produced only from existing _____
living
structure
cells
cells

13. III. Basic Cell Types
A. Prokaryote = a type of cell that has genetic ________ (DNA) but does not have a ________
Can still ______, reproduce and respond to the ____________
e.g.
material
nucleus
(the genetic material does not
have a special “holder”)
grow
environment
bacteria

15. B. Eukaryote = a type of cell that has a ________ which stores _____
larger and more complicated than a __________
can be __________ or multi-cellular
e.g.
nucleus
DNA
prokaryote
unicellular
Paramecium (unicellular), fungi,
plants, animals

18. IV. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Organelle = specialized, mini “organs” or __________ inside of eukaryotic cells that perform a specific _____
The purpose of organelles is to work ________ to keep the cell alive
What are some tasks that the cell who have to be able to perform to survive?
structures
task
together
respond, reproduce, maintain homeostasis,
grow, develop, get energy, etc.

20. TYPES OF ORGANELLES:
1. Nucleus = the _______ center of the cell which contains the _____ or instructions for building cell parts (especially ________!!) and other important molecules the cell needs
control
DNA
proteins

22. 2. Cytoplasm = the fluid outside of the ________ that functions to hold all the other ___________ in place
nucleus
organelles

23. 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) = an internal ___________ system where many of the cell’s lipids and proteins are assembled
membrane

24. 4. Golgi Apparatus = a stack of membranes that serves to change, _______ and package the materials made from the ___ and then either store them in the ____ or send them to be secreted ____ of the cell
modify ER
cell
out

25. 5. Lysosome = small organelles filled with digestive _________ that breakdown molecules for _____ use or break apart old, worn-out cell parts
enzymes
cell

27. 6. Vacuole = a saclike structure that serves as a ________ vessel for the cell
storage

29. 7. Mitochondria = organelle where cellular __________ takes place so energy is obtained for the cell to ____
respiration
use

30. 8. Cytoskeleton = a network of _______ and tubules that maintains the _______ of the cell and also aids in ___________
threads
shape
movement

31. 9. Cell Membrane = the outer _______ of a cell that controls what ______ and _____ the cell
barrier
enters
exits

32. 10. Chloroplast = an organelle found only in ______ that converts sunlight into _________ energy or food
plants
chemical

33. 11. Cell Wall = in plant cells, the boundary outside of the cell __________ that provides support and __________ for the plant cell
membrane
protection

34. V. Cell Structure Related to Function
Unicellular = organisms that contain only __ cell
in an __________ organism, the individual cell performs ____ of the function necessary for the life of that _________
e.g. 1
unicellular
all
organism
respond to stimuli, grow, develop, etc.

35. - this means that the cell is the _________ piece of matter that can perform processes necessary for ____
- unicellular creatures can be either ___________ or ___________
e.g.
smallest
life
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
prokaryotic = bacteria
eukaryotic = yeast

36. B. Multicellular = organisms that contain more than ___ cell
In multicellular organisms, one cell does not perform ____ of the life processes necessary for the survival of the _________. Instead, cells can work together in different groups on different ______ to contribute to the overall survival of the __________. 1
all
organism
tasks
organism

37. Cell specialization / Cell Differentiation = the process by which cells ________ in different ways to perform different _____
Two cells with different tasks in the body will both have __________ but will differ in the amounts of the __________
e.g.
develop
jobs
organelles
organelles
muscle cells have more mitochondria

39. EXAMPLES OF SPECIALIZED CELLS:
Neuron – the basic ______ cell
DIAGRAM:
nerve

41. the neuron develops _____and ____ like an electric wire
the shape of the neuron helps messages travel to and from the ______ faster
long
thin
brain

42. 2. Red Blood Cell DIAGRAM:

43. the red blood cell develops a round ______ shape in order to carry ________ around the body
disc
oxygen