1. Flow of Energy and Matter

2. Matter What is matter? What is living things made of?
What stuff is made of
What is living things made of?
Elements
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)
“CHON”
99% of living things are made of CHON

3. Matter
Matter is made by putting CHON into molecules like CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS & FATS and other organic molecules.
Matter is neither created nor destroyed
It is merely recycled and reused again & again
The earth has basically the same amount of matter now as it always had
Decomposers recycle the material back into C,H,O,N

4. Energy It takes ENERGY to make chemical bonds that put CHON together
ENERGY is released when those bonds are broken (through digestion)
Energy is transferred from organism to organism
When energy is transferred most of it is given off as heat (90%)
ONLY 10% is passed on.

5. Energy (continued)
If only a little bit of the energy is passed on, then energy decreases and runs out
So, ENERGY must always be added
From where?
The SUN
Producers (plants) start with all of the energy
1st Order Consumers (herbivores or ominvores)
Herbivores eat only producers
2nd Order Consumers (omnivores or carnivores)
Ominvores eat other animals AND producers
3rd Order Consumers (Carnivores or omnivores)
Carnivores eat other animals only

6. Detritivores eat the remains of plants and animals, but can be part of the food chain again
Decomposers end the line of energy, they use it all up

7. Energy & Biomass Pyramid
PRODUCERS
1st Level CONSUMERS
2nd Level CONSUMERS
3rd Level CONSUMERS
SUN
0 % ENERGY LEFT
Decomposers
Herbivores & Omnivores
Carnivores & Omnivores
Plants

8. Energy & Matter Cycle (90%) (90%) (90%) Chemicals Producers
(What ever is left)
Heat
Chemicals
Sun
Basic elements of life:
Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon & Hydrogen
(90%)
Heat
Producers
Decomposers
Bacteria, Moss, Mushrooms, etc.
Consumers
(90%)
Heat
(90%)
Heat