1. 1 Avista Labs – Who We Are Backup Power Solution Provider Electrical Hardening 24 / 48 / 125 VDC Systems Resulting in: Increased Network Reliability Reduction in Overall Lifecycle Cost Utilizing PEM Fuel Cell Technology

2. 2 PEM Fuel Cell: How It Works

3. 3 Modular, Cartridge-Based Design Superior Reliability Designed with the end-user in mind –Simple to operate –Easy to maintain Air-cooled system Hot-swappable cartridges –Failed membranes are bypassed –Load is not interrupted Self-humidifying –Less balance of plant is required –Performance is optimized at the cartridge level System performance/reliability not limited by the weakest membrane In the event of a membrane failure: –Immediate action is not required –A cartridge can be changed out in less than one minute

4. 4 Hydrogen Basics Hydrogen First Discovered 1766 - Henry Cavendish –Named for being a water former –1 Proton, 1 Electron –H2 - Diatomic Molecule, 2 Protons, 2 Electrons Colorless, Odorless, and has no Taste Burns with a pale Blue Flame Lightest Element in the Universe –H 2 = 1Mol = 1.0016 Grams –Disperses Rapidly - 1/16 the Density of Air –Flammable from 4% to 75% Concentration (40,000 to 750,000ppm) –Non-Toxic –Environmentally Benign

5. 5 Hydrogen Safety Applicable Codes & Standards –NFPA 50A - Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites. Covers the Storage of Hydrogen –ASME/ANSI B31.3 - Process Piping Covers the Marking of Hydrogen –CGA G-5 - Hydrogen Covers the Basics of Hydrogen –CGA G-5.4 - Standard for Hydrogen Piping Systems at Consumer Locations. Covers the Design of Hydrogen Piping Systems –CGA G-5.5 - Hydrogen Vent Systems Covers the Venting of Hydrogen

6. 6 Each kilowatt hour produced, requires 32 cubic feet of hydrogen 8.0 kWh140 lbs261 cu-ft9 x 60 6.1 kWh125 lbs197 cu-ft9 x 56 2.5 kWh65 lbs80 cu-ft6 x 37 1.0 kWh29 lbs33 cu-ft6 x 24 Hydrogen is sold in high pressure steel or aluminum bottles which come in many different sizes. The actual storage capacity is dependent on bottle volume and fill pressure. Example Bottles Sizes: Hydrogen Storage 261 CUF 197 CUF 80 CUF 33 CUF 60

7. 7 Independence 1000 Specifications Output: 1000 watts, 48/24/125 VDC Operating Cond: 0 o C to 50 o C –(-40 o C to 50 o C with enclosure) Start Up: –50% Power < 5 min @ 25C –100% Power < 18 min @ 25C Fuel Supply: Industrial grade H2 Supply Pressure: 25 - 100 psi, Size: 17.25w x 20.5h x 25.12d Weight: 147 lbs. Operating Modes: –Battery Charger –Direct Power Supply

8. 8 Typical Site Back-Up Power System – Fuel Cell Backup Run Time Determined by Size / Capacity of Hydrogen Storage

9. 9 Inputs/Outputs OPERATION Manual Start –On/Off –E-Stop Remote Start –Low Voltage DC Start 52, 50, 48 or 46 VDC Setpoint Options –Dry Contact Closure –Loss of AC Power –Logic Level Start INDICATION: Operational –Contact Closure Minor Alarms: –Fan Failure –Cartridge Replacement Major Alarms: –Failure to Operate Safety Fan Failure

10. 10 Operational Characteristics Start-UP –Dependent Upon Several Factors Relative Humidity Temperature Perocity of Membranes –Initial Phase 45 Seconds Declassifying Electronics Bay Sensor Warm-Up –Hydrogen Initiation 50% Power within 5 Minutes 100% Power within 18 minutes

11. 11 Product Certifications ANSI Z21.83 - Standard for Fuel Cell Power Plants > 50kW –Safety –Performance CSA FC1 - Updated ANSI Z21.83 - Stationary Fuel Cell Systems CE - Tested –EMC: EN50165, clause 19.101 EN61000-6-2 EN61000-6-3 –Safety: EN60204-1 Part 1 edition 4.1

12. 12 Maintenance: Independence 1000 Periodic Cycling –Recommended 1/month for 20 minutes Membrane Hydration Operational Verification Filter Inspection –Biannually, or Every 100 Hours of Operation Main Air Intake Filter Electronics Bay Filter