1. Schematic representation of vertical pleural pressure (Ppl) distribution from the apex to the bases in the upright position and their respective diminishment in the recumbent supine and prone position.
Schematic representation of vertical pleural pressure (Ppl) distribution from the apex to the bases in the upright position and their respective diminishment in the recumbent supine and prone position. Numeric values for pleural pressure and hydrostatic intra-abdominal pressure (Pabd) are based on values provided by Bryan,5 whereas those in the upright position are based upon values provided by West.16 The actual values are subject to debate due to measurement techniques and the impact of lung disease. Agostoni,17 for example, estimated slightly lower ventral-dorsal values in the recumbent supine and prone position (−4 to 0 cm H2O, respectively). Moreover, he cited evidence that increased lung density in respiratory disease may enhance the vertical gradient.
Richard H Kallet Respir Care 2015;60:
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