1. AN OVERWIEV OF TURKISH SEED SECTOR & TURKISH SEED INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION TURKTED

2. Introduction
* In the early 1980’s, Turkey made major economic changes and adopted a free market economy.
* These reforms affected the agricultural sector in general and the seed sector in particular.
* Both foreign and domestic seed companies make significant investments in Turkey by own capital or through joint ventures.
* About private seed companies were established within first years.
* Between rapid progress took place in Turkish seed sector and several measures.
* The measures were adopted by government. These include :
a. Abolishing the state monopoly and opening opportunities for private sector,
b.Liberalizing seed prices for import and export,
c.Providing low interest credit to investors in seed sector,
d.Establishing infrastructure for seed production and trade, e.Encouraging foreign capital investments in the seed sector,

3. Establishment
* In Turkey, variety registration and seed production, control, certification and trade are executed under the Law No:308 and related directives.
* The Turkish Seed Industry Association (TURK-TED) was established in 1986 as a Sectoral NGO

4. Objectives
The Association was formed to realize the following objectives:
a. Create the unity among the members to protect their rights and interests
b.Maintain domestic and foreign contacts of members involved in seeds
c. Promote understanding with public institutions and members of Association.
d. Organize study tours, symposiums and conferences to upgrade knowledge and skills of its members,
e.Collect and provide statistical data on seed to its members,
f. Collect and provide data on variety improvement, seed production, quality, distribution, trade and etc..
g. Contribute, the progress of national seed sector and economy by providing the above services,

5. Administration
* Turk-Ted is governed by a General Assembly held biannually,
* The Assembly discusses and approves annual budgets, programs, activities and modification of by laws of the Association,
* The Executive Committee elected by the Assembly, manages the activities of the Association,
* The Executive Committee grants full authority to General Secretariat for implementing its activities
* The headquarter of Turk-Ted is located in Ankara and managed by full time Secretary General

6. Membership
* There are approximately 110 national and multinational seed companies in Turkey.
* About 60 private and one state seed enterprise are members of Turkish Seed Industry Association.
* The share of member companies in seed production and trade is approximately 90 % of private sector.
* The national seed sector primarily dominated by a public sector has undergone significant changes during the last 20 years.
* The private sector has made significant developments and has reached a level to produce almost all hybrid maize, sunflower, potato and vegetable seeds in the country .
* TURK-TED is a member of International Seed Federation (ISF)

7. The Role of TURK-TED
The national seed regulations and legal arrangements are rather complicated.
There are continuous contacts between between private sector which produces, exports seed and public institutions which control and issue the necessary permits.
The public institutions frequently interferes in variety registration, seed production permits, seed certification, seed imports & export permits , etc….
The Association identifies problems faced and initiates the dialogue with governmental institutions.
The participation of civil organizations in decision making process is very useful and critical.
* The Association is invited to almost all meetings held by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on certification ,registration, etc..
* The Association makes significant preparation and effort to contribute to the decisions made by Ministry.

8. Main Targets
TURK-TED aims at developing the seed sector to an international standards.The following are key step to achieve these objectives :
a.Develop legal and institutional framework to define the roles and responsibilities of seed organizations based on models of GNIS (France) and NAK (The Netherlands),
b.Promote both public and private sector participation in agricultural research, seed production and supply,
c. Establish a national seed system compatible with OECD, ISTA,UPOV,ISF and EU norms,
d. Plant Varieties Protection Law has been approved by Parliament, next step is to acquire UPOV membership,
e. Establish the national seed sector where the role of state shifts from production to technical support and supervision

9. Historical background of Seed Sector
to be in place of Law No:308 on registration,control and certification,
to be a member of ISTA,
to be member of OECD certification system,
Liberation of Seed prices,
Liberation of Seed import,
Governmental decree on Seed Sector incentives for investment,
1985 Number of national and international seed companies increased rapidly,
Structure of Turkish seed sector has been changed mainly into from public institutions to private sector except self pollinated crops till 2004,

10. Seed Production in Turkey (ton)
Crops/Years
2000
2001
2002
2003
Wheat
43 555
80 107
99 495
Barley
7 464
6 818
4 376
10 210
Maize(Hybrid)
11 976
13 602
15 231
21 388
Sunflower(Hybrid)
2 762
2 339
5 030
Soy Bean
782
1 214
585
373
Potato
37 141
17 669
26 259
30 041
Cotton
15 602
17 104
23 995
18 400
Vegetable
855
1 048
1 249
992
Alfalfa
446
458
328
273
Sanfoin
621
647
411
883
Common vetch
1 886
1 592
1 400
1 515
Paddy
1 769
1 995
966
1 298
Chickpea
699
1 521
388
180
Source: MARA

11. Share of Private Sector (%)
Crops
1986
2002
2003
Wheat
0,2
10,0
5,53
Barley
0,0
13,8
10,75
Soybean
41,2
94,0
93,8
Maize(Hybrid)
91,2
98,8
99,2
Sunflower(Hybrid)
100,0
99,5
99,4
Potato
48,9
99,8
Vegetable
94,4
99,7
Forage Crops
10,9
31,6
26,5
Cotton
23,2
31,9
Source: MARA

12. Export (ton) Crops 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wheat 2025 3715 679 20 300
Barley
700
---
794
Maize(Hybrid)
4401
2418
4743
4694
12555
Sunflower(Hybrid)
1777
2128
1487
1416
1844
Cotton
153
455
267
1854
1542
Vegetable 63 35 58
100 98
Source: MARA

13. Imports (ton) Crops 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wheat 944 892 21 129
1 452
Maize (Hybrid)
3 316
2 694
1 162
784
1 210
Paddy 60 45
--- 30
Sunflower(Hybrid) 20 49 17
177 85
Potato
19 512
15 524
3 126
14 147
7 570
Vegetable
459
610
887
1 148
696
Forage Crops
231
254
606
503
295
Grass Seed
1 415
2 048
1 423
2 131
2 012
Cotton (delinted)
607
436
166 13
Source:MARA

14. Production of certified seed, demand and supply
Crops
Plantation Area (Ha)
Expected seed demand (Ton)
Seed supply in tons
(Last 3 years average)
Share of seed supply in demand (%)
Wheat
79.382 13
Barley
7.216 3
Maize (Hybrid)
16.500
8.589 52
Paddy
59.000
5.900
1.117 19
Chickpea
12.900
313 2
Dry beans
3.500 25 1
Sunflower(Hybrid)
2.040
1.800 88
Potato
25.160 8
Soybean
17.000
1.530
644 42
Groundnut
27.000
1.350
Cotton (delinted)
13.693
8.641 63
Vegetable
1.943
Alfalfa
1.245
357 29
Sanfoin
2.813
735 26
Common vetch
4.320
1.285 30
Sudan Grass
8.100
122
Sorghum X Sudan Grass
n.a
140
Animal Beet
3.100 47 65
Sugar Beet
1.435
1.398 97
Source: MARA

15. Thank you very much