1. Protists, Fungus and Plants

2. Kingdom Protista All Eukaryotic (Have a nucleus)
Most are Unicellular, some multicellular
Classified based on MOVEMENT
Either Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Some have cilia and others have a flagella (used for movement).

3. Classified by the way they move!! Use either Cilia or Flagella's
Animal-Like Protists
Classified by the way they move!! Use either Cilia or Flagella's

4. Zooflagellate: Trichonymphia
Lives in digestive system of termites
Manufactures cellulase that makes it possible for termites to digest wood
Mutualistic Relationship with termites, both BENEFIT!

5. Phylum Sarcodina (Sarcodines)
Move and feed by cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods
Heterotrophic, some parasitic
Ex: Amoebas

6. Phylum Ciliophora (Ciliates)
Have short hair-like projections called cilia that are used for movement and feeding
Heterotrophic, some parasitic

7. Plant-Like Protists (aka: Algae)
(Commonly called Algae)
Contain chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis

8. Kingdom Fungus
Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus), are heterotrophs and they have cell walls but they do NOT have chloroplasts.

9. How Fungi Eat… Fungus do not have mouths so they ABSORB food.
They are decomposers-Many fungi feed on decaying organisms.

10. Groups of Fungi Common Molds- these include black bread mold
Sac Fungi- largest group, include yeast, mildew and truffles. Yeast is used for baking and to brew beer.

11. Groups of Fungi Club Fungi- includes mushrooms and puffballs
Imperfect Fungi- this fungus helps make PENICILLIN, an antibiotic used to treat some bacteria infections.

12. Lichens
Are organisms that are made up of BOTH fungus and a green algae.
Algae provide the fungus with energy, the fungus provides the algae with water and minerals. They share a mutualistic relationship, where both benefit.

13. Kingdom Plant
Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and chloroplast.
They are autotrophs and make their food through photosynthesis.

14. What a Plant needs to Survive…
Sunlight, water, minerals, gas exchange, transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant body. (stem, leaves, roots)
1st evolved plant evolved from an organism like Green Algae.

15. Fill in Cladogram on Notes,

16. Groups of Plants
Bryophytes- depend on water for reproduction, lack vascular tissue, draw up water through osmosis Examples: Mosses
Seedless Vascular Plants- can move fluids through the plant body against gravity using xylem (brings water up) and phloem(sends nutrients to the leaves) ex: Ferns

17. Groups of Plants
Gymnosperms- reproduce with seeds that are exposed, means “naked seed”. Ex:Conifers
Angiosperms- have seed too, but they have flowers or fruits that holds the seeds. Ex: Roses
Flowers –attract insects to help pollinate the plant and to help spread seeds to others plants.
Fruit- is the ovary of the plant/tree that protects the seeds.

18. Root Types (anchors plants)
Taproot- long and thick with secondary small roots.
Fibrous Root- no single root

19. Leaf Function
System that specializes in Photosynthesis (making food from sunlight), Transpiration (loss of water) and Gas Exchange (taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
Plants keep their Stoma open just enough to allow photosynthesis but not enough to lose excessive amounts of water. A lot of times they close at night or even close under really hot and dry conditions.

20. Stem Function
Support for and the elevation of leaves, flowers and fruits.
The stems keep the leaves in the light and provide a place for the plant to keep its flowers and fruits.
Transport of fluids between the roots and the leaves using the xylem and phloem inside the stem.
Storage of nutrients