1. Effects of FMT in sows and/or offspring on brush border enzyme activity (A) and the expression of 11 selected genes in the duodenal mucosa (B) in offspring.
Effects of FMT in sows and/or offspring on brush border enzyme activity (A) and the expression of 11 selected genes in the duodenal mucosa (B) in offspring. Data are from 36 pigs. At the sow treatment level, n = 18 offspring each from control and FMTP sows. At the offspring treatment level, n = 12 each in the CON, FMT1, and FMT4 groups. (A and B) *, significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) at the sow × offspring treatment level; ϯ, tendency for differences at the sow × offspring treatment level (P ≤ 0.10); φ, a sow treatment effect was seen (P ≤ 0.05); λ, an offspring treatment effect was seen (P ≤ 0.05). (B) Bars represent log10-fold changes relative to the results for CON sow × CON offspring after normalization to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actin (ACTB), and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) gene expression levels. Error bars depict standard errors of the means. Candidate genes measured included genes encoding sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter (SMCT), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPi), tight-junction proteins zona occludens 1 (ZO1) and occludin (OCLN), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4), facilitated glucose transporter member 2 (GLUT2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1).
Ursula M. McCormack et al. mSystems 2018; doi: /mSystems