1. The Cold War Begins US vs. SU
Never any “hot” military combat between countries more of a political (cold) stand-off.

2. Differences in US and SU
United States:
Capitalist democracy under Harry S. Truman
Free elections
Freedom of religion
Private property
Soviet Union:
Dictatorship under Joseph Stalin
Communism
Government made all economic, political and military decisions
No freedom
No opposition (fear)
Wanted to make Eastern Europe communists states under Stalin’s control…the big problem

3. Iron Curtain
In a speech British Prime Minister Winston Churchill referred to the iron curtain in Europe
East of the Iron Curtain was the Soviet Union setting up communists states
To keep the Western side safe, the US and other democracies needed to stand firm
Truman agreed

4. The Truman Doctrine
Truman’s promise to help aid nations struggling against communists movements
Set a new trend in American foreign policy…no longer neutrality or isolation
Used containment in which communism would be contained where it already existed

5. Marshall Plan
Set up to help create economic stability in Western Europe so there could be political stability as well
Provided food, fuel and money to jump start economic growth
Helped combat the spread of communism with money not bullets

6. A Divided Berlin
Even though the city of Berlin was in East Germany (Soviet occupied) the city was divided into East (Soviet) and West Berlin (Allies)
Stalin cut off traffic to West Berlin…
Berlin Airlift: Britain and US airlifted supplies to West Berlin for over a year
Showed how far the US would go to contain communism
Later a wall is constructed to divide East and West Berlin called the Berlin Wall

7. Divided Germany and Divided Berlin

8. N.A.T.O vs. Warsaw Pact N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Non-communists military alliance to contain Soviets
Attack one, attack them all
Warsaw Pact:
The Soviet Union and other communist states formed a military alliance to rival N.A.T.O.
Pledged to defend one another if one was attacked

9. The People’s Republic of China
Mao Zedong was successful in creating a Communists China regardless of American attempts to prevent it
Now Communism controlled a large population and large land mass…worried Americans

10. Korean War One battleground of the Cold War
Korea was divided into North (Soviet held) and South (US held) Korea at the 38th Parallel
North Korea crossed into South Korea with military force…US will aid South Korea
General Douglas MacArthur leads troops in South Korea…stalemate by 1953
New President Eisenhower threatened to use nuclear weapons which led to cease fire

11. Effects of Korean War
Nothing changed: Korea was still divided, half communist and half noncommunist
Increased military spending
Use of troops without congressional approval becomes a trend for Presidents
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO): a defensive alliance aimed at preventing the spread of communism

12. An Arm’s Race Russia has atomic bombs…now US is not the only one
Nikita Khrushchev comes to power after Stalin’s death
Hydrogen bomb was being perfected in US and would be 1,000 times more powerful than a-bomb
SU and US start to stockpile powerful nuclear weapons that could destroy the other hoping to keep the Cold War “cold”

13. Eisenhower in Office Eisenhower Doctrine: Central Intelligence Agency:
The US would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism
Central Intelligence Agency:
Created in 1947
Used by Eisenhower to combat communism through secret missions

14. The Cold War In Space
1957: Soviet Union launched a satellite into space called Sputnik…
threatened American superiority so government created NASA to conduct space related research and experiments

15. Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro had set up a communists government in Cuba and Soviet Union was building nuclear missile sites in Cuba
Bay of Pigs: CIA had developed a plan to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro that was unsuccessfully executed while Kennedy was in office

16. Geneva Accords
Gave the Palestinians Jerusalem and would drop their claims over Israel (now a Jewish nation)
Zionist Movement:
A political movement to create the nation of Israel as the Jewish homeland growing rapidly after the Holocaust
US recognized the nation of Israel immediately after it was established