1. Advanced power save support
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2. Problems in power save efficiency
Optimal throughput and power efficiency is obtained if non-AP STAs need to be awake only to transmit and receive their own traffic. Retransmissions and time to receive other terminals data increase power consumption.
The default EDCA parameters for high AC traffic are very good. If several terminals compete on TXOP with good parameters, it is probable the amount of transmission collisions increases. On the other hand, worse EDCA parameters reduce the priority of high AC traffic and may increase time consumption in high AC TXOP obtaining and cause priority inversion.
The real time applications (VoIP) transmit frames with constant interval. If several high AC streams try to transmit data at the same time, it is probable that transmission errors will occur and the errors will reoccur from one TXOP to other.

3. Comparison of the automatic power save delivery (APSD) mechanisms
Unscheduled and Scheduled APSD mechanisms are created for high AC real time applications power save.
The main difference in mechanisms is the service period start logic:
Unscheduled uses UL “trigger” frame.
With trigger frame AP knows that terminal is present
The terminal may avoid unnecessary awakens
No scheduling possibility
Scheduled starts service period between constant interval.
The AP can schedule terminals to operate at different times.
No mechanism to avoid unnecessary awakens
AP cannot know whether the terminal listens to its transmissions

4. Why unscheduled APSD, why not scheduled APSD + HCCA?
The most speech codecs are able to detect periods, when voice does not have any activity. For instance, AMR codec generates an audio frame in active periods at intervals of 20 ms, while during inactive periods a “DTX” frame is generated at intervals of 80 ms.
If scheduled APSD is used, the non-AP STA needs to wake up for every scheduled service period. Unscheduled APSD may skip a service period, if it does not send a trigger frame.
In normal calls the silence compression is used more than 50% of the call time. The reduction in overall power consumption is remarkable if the awakenings can also be reduced.
The following 2 slides explain how no-AP STA may reduce the amount of service periods, when it is having UL silent compression periods.
The power consumption is clearly reduced. The waking up for service periods consumes a lot of power during ongoing streams.

5. VoIP, normal 1 audio frame / 1 transmitted frame,
no silent compression, only possible operation for scheduled APSD
Audio payload in transmitted
frame.
Packet creation,
terminal sends packets
Time
Packet arrival to AP
Time
Packet arrival to
power save terminal
Time
= listening period
Packet playout
in terminal
Time
Audio payload in received
frame.

6. UL silent compression, only possible for unscheduled APSD
VoIP, unscheduled APSD
UL silent compression, only possible for unscheduled APSD
Packet creation,
terminal sends packets
Audio payload in transmitted
frame.
Time
Packet arrival to AP
Time
Packet arrival to
power save terminal
The number of awakenings is halved!
Time
Packet playout
in terminal
= listening period
Time
Audio payload in received
frame.
UL Silent compression used

7. Example of repeating collisions
Bursty TXOP obtaining start times: (Several terminals start obtain TXOP at the same time)
Leads to collisions, congestions and uneven channel utilisation
Probable
Collision
Probable
Collision
Simultaneous TXOP obtaining
= TXOP obtaining start time
= TXOP obtaining time
= low AC TXOP
The voice codecs or real time streams generate audio frames with the same interval. If STAs have started to obtain TXOP at the same time, this will probably happen again.

8. Solution for repeating errors
Offered load, NAV protected times:
= TXOP obtaining start time
= TXOP obtaining time
= high AC TXOP
= low AC TXOP
Distributed TXOP obtaining start times: (One terminal starts to obtain high AC TXOP at a time)
Evenly loaded network, lower probability of collisions.
By distributing the high AC TXOPs evenly the throughput increases and unnecessary media listening can be avoided. This allows better control to terminal power consumption in high or medium load and reliability of power save is improved.
The TXOPLimit duration sets the maximum duration for a single STA to transmit data. The TXOPLimit values should be set according to the amount of high AC traffic. The distribution of the start of TXOP obtaining times reduces the risk of collisions after long low AC TXOPs, because the probability of simultaneous high AC TXOP obtaining is reduced.

9. The needed change to existing standard Modification to TS Info field in TSPEC.
The Request schedule subfield is a single bit and is set to 1 to indicate that new schedule information is requested for the stream. If the request schedule bit is set in ADDTS.request, the AP shall reset the service start time for the stream. If AP does not support scheduling, the schedule element in ADDTS.response shall be unspecified. The non-AP and QAP should transmit data according to the schedule. The non-AP QSTA may use TSPEC fields in ADDTS.request to specify the most appropriate schedule for itself.
B17 B
Request
Schedule
Reserved 1 6

10. Signaling example, Non-AP QSTA originated scheduling request in stream setup
Currently e does not define any mechanism how non-AP QSTA may indicate that it has a poor schedule.
New indication bit is needed to ADDTS signaling that is used to request schedule change
Non-AP QSTAs that operate in U-APSD or in full power, should negotiate with AP to change their data transmission times, because the change of transmission times cause easily variation to channel load and the used transmission times are no longer controlled.
ADDTS.request
ACK
ADDTS.response
ACK
Non ap QSTA
QAP

11. Signaling example, AP originated rescheduling in stream modification
Schedule frame may be used by QAP to define precise operation for non-AP QSTA transmissions.
QAP may use schedule frame, for instance as a reaction to triggered QoS report.
No changes needed to schedule frame.
Triggered QoS report
ACK
Schedule
ACK
QAP
Non AP QSTA

12. Motion …
Yes:
No:
Abstain: