3. Respirators should only be used as a "last line of defense" when engineering control systems are not feasible. Engineering control systems, such as adequate ventilation or scrubbing of contaminants should be used to negate the need for respirators.

4. GENERAL USE CONDITIONS
JOB TASK DESCRIPTION
DURATION AND FREQUENCY OF USE
LOCATION OF USE
PHYSICAL DEMANDS
MEDICAL CLEARANCE

5. NIOSH recommends that air sampling be conducted to determine exposure levels found in the workplace. A combination of air sampling and exposure modeling is often used to make reasonable estimates of exposure. Ideally, this determination should be made by a professional industrial hygienist.

6. PRIOR TO USING A RESPIRATOR YOU MUST
BE TRAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OSHA STANDARD
BE MEDICALLY CLEARED TO USE A RESPIRATOR
SELECT THE PROPER MASK
BE FITTED FOR THAT MASK

7. RESPIRATOR SELECTION BASED ON SPECIFIC THREAT
BASED ON QUANTITY OR AIR CONCENTRATION OF THREAT

8. THREATS OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE IDLH ATMOSPHERES
UNKNOWN LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT
HARMFUL PARTICULATES
HARMFUL GASSES OR VAPORS

9. OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
BREATHING AIR IS COMPOSED OF A MIXTURE OF SEVERAL GASSES
OXYGEN COMPRISES 19%
BODY FUNCTION DETERIORATES AT LESS THAN 19% OXYGEN

10. CAUSES OF OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
OXYGEN DILUTION
OXYGEN SUBSTITUTION

11. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
AVAILABLE O2 IS USED UP THROUGH BREATHING, WORK PROCESS OR ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY

12. OXYGEN DILUTION
INCREASING THE PERCENTAGE OF ONE OR MORE GASSES BRINGS DOWN THE PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN

13. OXYGEN SUBSTITUTION
CERTAIN GASSES SUCH AS CARBON MONOXIDE OR CYANIDE CAN INTERFERE WITH THE DELIVERY OF OXYGEN TO THE CELLS IN OUR BODY

14. PARTICULATES SOLIDS IN THE AIR MAY BE LIQUIDS (MISTS & SPRAYS)
MAY BE FUMES (METAL PARTICLES RELEASED BY HEATING)
SOME BE VERY HARMFUL (LEAD & ASBESTOS)
OTHERS MAY BE NUISANCE DUSTS

15. GASSES AND VAPORS EASILY DIFFUSE THROUGHOUT A ROOM MAY HAVE COLOR
MAY HAVE ODOR
MAY BE IRRITATING
MAY HAVE NO IDENTIFYING PROPERTIES

16. TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
NEGATIVE PRESSURE - +
POSITIVE PRESSURE

17. NEGATIVE PRESSURE POWERED BY YOUR LUNGS
DRAWS CONTAMINANT TOWARDS THE MASK
LOWER END OF PROTECTION SCALE
½ MASKS
DUST MASKS
FULL FACE MASKS

18. POSITIVE PRESSURE SUPPLIES AIR TO THE USER COMPRESSED AIR TANKS
COMPRESSOR
POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (PAPR)
PUSHES CONTAMINANT AWAY FROM THE MASK
HIGH END OF PROTECTION SCALE

19. TYPE C SYSTEM

20. COMPRESSED AIR GRADE D QUALITY
19% OXYGEN & REMAINING GASSES EQUAL TO ROOM AIR
WATER VAPOR
HYDROCARBONS
DELIVERED BY TANKS OR COMPRESSORS

21. GRADE D AIR

22. COMPRESSORS SPECIFIC FOR RESPIRATOR USE SUBJECT TO FAILURE
LOCATION OF INLET CRITICAL
SYNTHETIC AND OIL LUBRICATED MODELS
OIL LUBRICATED MUST HAVE CARBON MONOXIDE MONITOR AND ALARM
FILTERS REMOVE
CONTAMINANTS

23. NOT ALL COMPRESSORS ARE CREATED EQUAL!

24. EMERGENCY ESCAPE BA FOR IMMEDIATE ESCAPE FROM IDLH ATMOSPHERES
5, 10 OR 15 MINUTE AIR SUPPLY DEPENDENT ON THE UNIT AND/OR USER
MANDATORY FOR CONFINED SPACE AND IDLH

25. RESPIRATOR SELECTION RESPIRATOR CHOICES OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHRES
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH ATMOSPHERES (IDLH)
RESPIRATOR CHOICES
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
TYPE C SYSTEM WITH AN ESCAPE SCBA

26. SCBA APPLICATIONS
FIRE FIGHTING
CBRN RESPONSE
GENERAL INDUSTRY

27. SCBA LIMITS PRIMARILY LIMITED BY TIME OF TASK
TANKS RATED FOR 15, 30, 45 OR 60 MINUTES
PHYSICAL CONDITION OF USER
PHYSICAL EXERTION
STRESS
WEIGHT OF UNIT

28. PROTECTION FACTOR
EACH RESPIRATOR TYPE HAS AN ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR (APF)
APF IS USED IN RESPIRATOR SELECTION
½ MASK 10
FULL FACEPIECE 50

29. APFs
OSHA PEL IS THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE IN THE RESPIRATOR
APF MULTIPLIED BY THE PEL IS THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT OUTSIDE THE MASK

30. EXAMPLE
½ MASK APF = 10
ASBESTOS PEL = 0.1 f/cc
HIGHEST TOLERABLE LEVEL INSIDE THE MASK = 0.1 f/cc
HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OUTSIDE THE MASK = 1 f/cc
10 (APF) x 0.1 f/cc (PEL) = 1 f/cc

31. RESPIRATOR SELECTION EFFECTIVE AT 0.3 MICRONS PARTICULATES
FILTERS
FILTER EFFICIENCY VARIES
N-100 P-100 R %
N-99 P-99 R %
N-95 P-95 P %
EFFECTIVE AT 0.3 MICRONS

32. N R P N = NON RESISTANT TO OIL OK FOR SOLID & WATER BASED AEROSOLS
R = RESISTANT TO OIL
P = RESISTANT TO OIL

33. FILTER CHANGES
IN GENERAL, REPLACE IF DAMAGED, SOILED, NOTICEABLE BREATHING RESISTANCE
N FILTERS EVERY 8 HOURS IF HEAVY DUST LOAD UNLESS DETERMINED TO BE EFFECTIVE BEYOND 8 HOURS (NIOSH)
P FILTERS EVERY 8 HOURS IF OIL AEROSOL IS PRESENT UNLESS DETERMINED TO BE EFFECTIVE BEYOND 8 HOURS (NIOSH)
R FILTERS CHANGES BASED ON MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS WHEN OIL IS PRESENT

34. Although odor should not be relied on for cartridge/canister change out, workers should be trained to exit the contaminated area whenever they detect the odor or experience any irritation symptoms of the contaminant.
If workers are detecting the odor before the end of the change schedule, the respirator program administrator should reevaluate this respirator use; i.e., the change schedule, the workplace concentrations or the other use conditions (relative humidity (RH), work rate, etc.).

35. FILTER/CARTRIDGE CODES
COLOR CODED BY CONTENTS AND CONTAMINANTS
INDUSTRY WIDE STANDARD
OLIVE
COMBINATION
WHITE
ACID GAS
BLACK
ORGANICS
GREEN
AMMONIA GAS
YELLOW
AG/OV
PURPLE
N-100
ORANGE
R-100, 99,
P-99, 95
TEAL (NO OIL)
N-100, 99, 95

36. How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the respirator
Prior to the selection process, the test subject shall be shown how to put on a respirator, how it should be positioned on the face, how to set strap tension and how to determine an acceptable fit.

37. Negative pressure check
CLOSE OFF THE INLET OPENING OF THE FILTER, CANISTER OR CARTRIDGE
USE HANDS, LATEX GLOVE CAN BE USED IF HANDS CAN NOT BLOCK THE INLET
INHALE LIGHTLY AND HOLD FOR 10 SECONDS
FACEPIECE SHOULD COLLAPSE SLIGHLTY
NO INWARD LEAKAGE SHOULD BE NOTED

39. Positive pressure check
CLOSE OFF THE EXHALATION VALVE
GENTLY EXHALE INTO THE MASK
PRESSURE IN THE MASK SHOULD INCREASE
NO OUTWARD LEAKAGE SHOULD BE DETECTABLE

41. USER SEAL CHECK USED FOR TIGHT FITTING MASKS
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTING
USED EACH TIME A RESPIRATOR IS PUT ON
USE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE PRESSURE CHECK
MAY SUBSTITUTE MANUFACTURER’S USER SEAL CHECK METHOD

42. FACIAL HAIR
The employer shall not permit respirators with tight-fitting facepieces to be worn by employees who have facial hair that comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and the face or that interferes with valve function or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function.

43. Facial hair
The test shall not be conducted if there is any hair growth between the skin and the facepiece sealing surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard, mustache or sideburns which cross the respirator sealing surface. Any type of apparel which interferes with a satisfactory fit shall be altered or removed.

44. QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTING
OBJECTIVE TEST
MEASURES LEVELS OF AMBIENT DUST OUTSIDE AND INSIDE FACE PIECE
COMPARES OUTSIDE TO INSIDE DUST LEVELS
ESTABLISHED TOLERANCES
MUST BE USED IF FIT FACTOR IS OVER 100

45. FIT FACTORS TIGHT FITTING MASK FIT FACTOR ½ MASK 100 FULL FACEPIECE
500

46. WHAT IS THE FIT FACTOR? FIT FACTOR OF 100 MEANS
NO MORE THAN ONE PARTICLE OF DUST IN THE MASK
EVERY 100 PARTICLES OF DUST OUTSIDE THE MASK
FOR

47. QUALITATIVE FIT TEST SUBJECTIVE CHALLENGE AGENT
IRRITANT SMOKE (STANNIC CHLORIDE)
ODOR (BANANA OIL)
TASTE (SACCHARINE, BITREX)
MAY BE USED IF FIT FACTOR TO BE ACHIEVED IS 100 OR LESS

48. RESPIRATOR CLEANING General procedures for cleaning respirators
May use alternative cleaning recommendations provided by the manufacturer of the respirators provided such procedures are as effective
Must ensure that the respirator is properly cleaned and disinfected in a manner that prevents damage to the respirator and does not cause harm to the user.

49. RESPIRATOR CLEANING
Respirators issued to more than one employee shall be cleaned and disinfected before being worn by different individuals
Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use
Respirators used in fit testing and training shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use