1. The Global Distribution
of Industry

2. A. Bulk-gaining Industries
Product gains volume or weight during production
i.e.: soft-drink bottling, T.V.s, Automobiles

3. Location of Beer Breweries
Beer brewing is a bulk-gaining industry that needs to be located near consumers.

4. B. Break-of-Bulk Points
location where transfer among different transportation types is possible
i.e.: ship to truck

5. C. Global Industrial Regions
Western & Central Europe
Anglo America
Russia & Ukraine
East Asia

7. I. Europe coincides with coal & iron fields of:
Germany (Rhine-Ruhr Valley),
France, Be-Ne-Lux
1900: Europe controlled 90% of world’s manufacturing

8. Manufacturing Centers in Western Europe

9. Rhine—Ruhr Valley Concentration of iron & steel manufacturing
Secondary activities: trains, machinery, & armaments
Industry is highly dispersed
No city has more than 1 million
city of Rotterdam: world’s largest port

10. United Kingdom
The U.K. has lost its international industrial leadership after World Wars
Deteriorating factories
Today: high-tech industries in south
Japanese companies have more factories in U.K. than any other

11. Northern Italy Po River Basin textile manufacturing in 1800s
Today: luxury cars, yachts, fashion

12. Secondary manufacturing regions in Europe

13. Deindustrialization:
a process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor (switch from secondary manufacturing activities to a tertiary service economy)
Abandoned street in Liverpool, England, where the population has decreased by one-third since deindustrialization

15. II. Anglo America N.E. of U.S. & S.E. of Canada: manufacturing
“Megalopolis” (“Bowash” stretch of cities)
known today as “Rust Belt”
*Today: U.S. manufacturing less than 15% of economy

16. Secondary regions in U.S.:
S.E. of U.S.: textiles, tobacco, food processing
Gulf states: oil & natural gas
N.W. of U.S.: aircraft
Silicon Valley: computer/high-tech

17. III. E. Europe & Russia Manufacturing developed during WW II
communist U.S.S.R. pushed for industrialization

18. Emergence of secondary manufacturing regions in former Soviet Union

19. IV. East Asia
Japan: 2nd most industrialized country after U.S.

20. Newly Industrialized countries:
Brazil, Mexico, India & China
China: major state-planned growth after 1950
Focus on: N.E. district
Northern district (Beijing)
Chang district (Shanghai)
Guangdong district
Today: companies move production to take advantage of cheaper Chinese labor & special economic zones (SEZs), also known as export processing zones (EPZs)

21. Chinese secondary manufacturing regions

22. As China’s economy continues to grow, old neighborhoods (right) are destroyed to make room for new buildings (below)
Beijing, China

23. An emerging industrial power:
India:
textiles, food processing, chemicals, software

24. The Four “Asian Tigers”
All industrialized economies:
South Korea
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Singapore