1. FLASHCARD Answers
6th grade
(2 sets)

2. SET #1

3. What is DNA Replication?
creating an EXACT copy of a cell’s DNA (genetic directions) for a new cell

4. When does DNA replication occur?
During the beginning of
Cell Division & REPRODUCTION

5. What are the 2 types of reproduction for organisms and their cells?
ASEXUAL reproduction
&
SEXUAL reproduction

6. What do chromatin (chromosomes) in every cell contain?
DNA
(genetic material)

7. What is asexual reproduction?
ONE single cell or unicellular organism becomes 2 ‘daughter’ cells / offspring
(cloning)

8. What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
asexual disadvantages=
1] very LITTLE Genetic Diversity…
just clones of ‘parent’ cell
2] Reduces chances of survival during environmental change

9. What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
asexual advantages=
1] QUICK & easy…
no partner needed
2] IMMEDIATELY ready to do its JOB!

10. What are gametes? *Examples*
haploid cells for reproduction; created by meiosis
examples=
Female= egg cells
Male= sperm cells

11. What is sexual reproduction?
UNIQUE offspring are created by a COMBINATION of DNA (genetic material) from BOTH parents (male & female of species)

12. the FUSING (joining) together of EGG & SPERM
What is fertilization?
fertilization=
the FUSING (joining) together of EGG & SPERM

13. 1st COMPLETE CELL created by fertilization
What is a zygote?
zygote=
1st COMPLETE CELL created by fertilization
**diploid body cell**

14. Division process that produces COMPLETE organisms or body cells
What is mitosis?
mitosis=
Division process that produces COMPLETE organisms or body cells
(DIPLOID cells)

15. What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
sexual disadvantages=
1] DIFFICULT for egg & sperm to meet
2] Takes a LONG TIME for growth & development of offspring!

16. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
sexual advantages=
1] GENETIC DIVERSITY…
differences within the same family & species
2] INCREASES chances of survival during environmental changes

17. *Define diploid. * Define haploid.*
A cell with a complete set of chromosomes
Haploid=
A cell with half the normal amount of chromosomes

18. SET #2

19. What do the letters DNA actually represent?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

20. Write the complete fertilization formula.
½ + ½ = 1 whole
egg + sperm zygote
HAPLOID DIPLOID

21. What does mitosis ensure for eukaryote body cells?
mitosis ensures that body cells…
1] allow body GROWTH
2] REPAIR injuries
3] REPLACE old/worn-out cells

22. Division process that ONLY produces GAMETES [egg/sperm cells]
What is meiosis?
meiosis=
Division process that ONLY produces GAMETES [egg/sperm cells]
(HAPLOID cells)

23. Give 2 words that describe the sperm/egg cells.
HAPLOID cells
&
GAMETES

24. What is the purpose of using egg & sperm cells?
~ create UNIQUE offspring
(genetic diversity in a species)
~ keep the correct # of chromosomes for the species

25. Name 2 changes that occur when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.
fertilization changes=
1) Cells change from HAPLOID to DIPLOID
2) Gametes (sex cells) become a ZYGOTE (1st body cell)

26. What directs the body formation & development in offspring from sexual reproduction?
sexually reproduced offspring=
DNA (genetic material) from BOTH parents directs offspring formation & development

27. MISTAKE during offspring formation
What is a mutation?
Mutation=
MISTAKE during offspring formation

28. What happens if a body cell has a mutation?
body cell mutation=
ONLY that cell or that body is affected

29. What happens if a mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell?
mutation in a gamete=
it MAY be passed to the offspring

30. What are the 3 types of mutations? How does each impact the organism?
Harmful~
DECREASES survival chances
Helpful~
INCREASES survival chances
Neutral~
NO EFFECT on survival chances

31. What is cloning?
cloning=
Creating offspring that is genetically identical to the original ‘parent’

32. What can cause a physical change in appearance?
~ MUTATION
~ the body making an
INCORRECT PROTEIN

33. The # never changes! 2) The # is always even!
Name the 2 rules that affect the number of chromosomes that define each species.
The # never changes!
2) The # is always even!

34. 1] What is being shown here. 2]Which O’s are haploid
1] What is being shown here? 2]Which O’s are haploid? Which O’s are diploid?
DIPLOID parent
DIPLOID daughters
(2)
MITOSIS!

35. 1) What are these showing. 2)Which O’s are haploid
1) What are these showing? 2)Which O’s are haploid? Which O’s are diploid?
DIPLOID parent
DIPLOID daughters (2)
HAPLOID gametes (4)
MEIOSIS