1. When all is said and done… What is the world going to do?
The Aftermath of WWII
When all is said and done…
What is the world going to do?

2. Immediate Effects of WWII
Deaths – both military and civilian - 52,199,262
Destruction – many countries need to rebuild from war and bombings
Debt – lots of deficit spending during WWII
Desire for Peace – led to creation of United Nations
Decolonization – many countries gain their independence

6. The Death Toll Country Civilian Military
Source:
Country
Civilian
Military
Germany
700,000
3,500,000
USSR
10,000,000
Japan
350,000
2,000,000
China
7,500,000
2,500,000
Romania
160,000
300,000
France
250,000
Hungary
290,000
140,000
USA --
400,000
Italy
80,000
330,000
Britain
62,000
326,000
Austria
104,000
230,000
Canada
37,000
Finland
2,000
82,000
Greece
20,000
Poland
5,700,000
100,000
Australia
12,000
23,000
Czechoslovakia
215,000
200,000
Bulgaria
10,000
Denmark
1,000
400
India
13,000
24,000
Belgium
76,000
Albania
28,000
Netherlands
198,000
New Zealand

7. A Return to Peace
After Japanese Surrender Japan is occupied by the United States – General MacArthur sets up a democratic government with a new constitution modeled after United States
Born out of the League of Nations and ideas expressed by FDR, the United Nations is established in 1945

8. The United Nations
Created in 1945 with Charter signed by representatives from 50 countries in San Francisco
Main purpose is international peacekeeping organization – resolves conflicts between countries, peacefully if possible.
Today UN includes 191 Member States

9. Some Other Consequences of WWII
Many countries emerge under new leadership or gain their independence
Division of Germany
Creation of Israel
Other countries (especially the USSR) seek technology and materials for Atomic weapons

10. Independence and Decolonization
Countries that gained independence shortly after WWII
India Vietnam
Jordan Iceland
Syria Korea
Lebanon Laos
Indonesia Philippines
Pakistan Sri Lanka
Burma And Most Importantly…

11. Division of Germany Germany state in collapse Europe lay in ruins
What remained of western civilization haunted by Jewish Holocaust
Millions left homeless/jobless
Germany was divided into “zones” occupied by England, France, USSR and USA

12. Occupation of Berlin
Occupation of Germany

13. The Marshall Plan Saves Europe
Secretary of State George Marshall

14. Reason’s for the Marshall Plan
Sixteen countries - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, the UK, and West Germany - were recipients of Marshall Plan
The plan was to help rebuild the countries
Reasoning: Countries that were prosperous would not want to fight another war
It would help reestablish US trade
Help countries that owed money from the war repay their debts
Help stop the spread of Communism (beginning of Cold War) - Stalin opposed the plan
..\..\My Videos\marshall plan.mp4

15. What did the Marshall Plan do?
Brain child of Secretary of State George Marshall (1947) – Won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1953
President Truman signed the act establishing the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) to administer the program.
Marshall Aid took the form of fuel, raw materials, goods, loans and food, machinery and advisers.
It jump-started rapid European economic growth, and stopped the spread of Communism.
Restored European agricultural and industrial productivity
Credited with preventing famine and political chaos

16.
Receiving nations experienced an economic growth of between 15% - 25%
Industry was quickly renewed and agricultural production sometimes exceeded pre-war levels
Helped push communist groups out of power
Created an economic divide between the rich west (democratic) and poor east (communist) as clear as the political one
Better economy allowed for more imports and a rebuilding of European economies