1. You Need
Book
Yellow Folder
2 sheets of paper

2. Define the following vocab:
Solution -Solubility
Solute -Saturated Solution
Solvent -Unsaturated Solution
Soluble -Supersaturated Solution
Insoluble -Electrolyte
Miscible -Non-Electrolyte
Immiscible -Solvation (draw f/pg455)

3. Solutions

4. Factors that Affect Solubility
Temperature and Pressure Affect Solubility
For Solids and liquids being dissolved
As temperature increases solubility increases (more will dissolve)
For gases being dissolved
As temperature decreases and pressure increases, solubility of the gas increases (more will dissolve)

5. Concentration VS Dilute Solutions
Concentrated: Large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent (you must have a solute and solvent to have a solution)
Dilute: Small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent

6. Molarity Molarity= Moles of solute/Liters of solution
Example: What is the molarity of the solution of 45g of NaCl dissolved in 500mL of solution?
45g x 1 mole/ 58.44g = 0.77 mol
500mL/1000mL = L
Molarity= 0.77/0.500= 1.54M

7. Molality Molality= Moles of solute/ Kilograms of solvent
Example: What is the molality of a solution of 65g of CO2 dissolved in 750g of water?
65g x 1 mole/ 44.01g = 1.48 mol
750g/ 1000g= kg
Molality= 1.48/0.750 = 1.97m

8. Molarity by Dilution
This equation is used every time that we want to make a solution for students to use in a lab!
M1 x V1 = M2 x V2
M1= Molarity of the concentrated liquid
V1= Volume (amount) of the concentrated liquid needed to make the solution
M2= Molarity of the diluted solution you are wanting to make
V2= Volume (amount) of the diluted solution you are wanting to make

9. Molarity by Dilution
Example: What volume of a 20M HCl solution is needed to make 500mL of a 2M HCl solution?
20M x V1 = 2M x 500mL
V1 = (2M x 500mL) / 20M
V1 = 50mL

10. Molarity by Dilution
How much water is needed to make the dilute solution?
Water needed= (V2) –(V1)
Water needed = 500mL – 50mL
Water needed = 450mL