1. Edexcel – Product Design: Graphics
Paper and Board
Edexcel – Product Design: Graphics

2. Paper and Board Producing wood pulp Manufacturing of paper and card
Cards and boards;
Drawing papers
Commercial printing papers
Commercial card and board
Commercial packaging materials

3. Producing wood pulp Mechanical Chemical Waste Pulp
Wood is ground down (this softens the lignin)
More wood produced (quantity)
Chemical
uses chemical solutions to convert wood into pulp
Acids or alkalis
Better quality paper/board produced
Not done in UK – must be imported
Waste Pulp
Recycled paper and board is used in both mechanical and chemical processes
Lower grades of paper and board, not as strong

4. Producing Wood Pulp Wood is made of different materials
One of which is lignin
Lignin is great for binding all fibres together
Softwoods and hardwoods are used
Softwoods offer more strength
Hardwoods offer a better finish

5. Manufacturing of paper and card
Most modern papermaking machines are based on the principles of the Fourdrinier Machine.
Paper machines have four distinct operational sections:
Forming section (wet end)
Press section
Drying section
Calender section

6. Forming Section
Slurry of fibres is filtered out on a continuous fabric loop to form a wet web of fibre

7. Press Section
Wet fiber web passes between large rolls loaded under high pressure to squeeze out as much water as possible

8. Drying Section
A series of steam heated drying cylinders. Drying removes the water content

9. Calendering Section
Heavy steel rolls smooth the dried paper

10. Card and Board Reminders: Paper Board Weight in gsm
Thickness in microns

11. Cards and boards Drawing papers Layout Tracing Copier Cartridge
lightweight, thin white paper- used for initial ideas- takes colour media well- low cost
Tracing
thin, translucent paper- making copies of drawings- high cost
Copier
Fairly cheap when bought in bulk and is available in a range of colours. It is also used for photocopying and inkjet printing usually.
Cartridge
good quality white paper- available in different weights- general purpose work- can be used to make simple models- medium cost

12. Cards and boards Commercial printing papers Bond Coated
a high quality durable writing paper similar to bank paper but having a weight greater than 50gsm
used for letterheads, other stationery and as paper for electronic printers.
Coated
has been coated by a compound to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness or reduced ink absorbency.
for high quality printing used in packaging industry and in magazines

13. Cards and boards Commercial card and board Mounting board Recycled
good quality thick card- coloured surface- used for final models- used for mounting work
Recycled
Used in secondary packaging
may contain traces of inks, adhesives, and other residues which together give it a grey colour
Less predictable composition and poorer functional properties

14. Commercial packaging materials
Folding boxboard
comprises of middle layers of mechanical pulp sandwiched between layers of bleached chemical pulp. Used in primary packaging.
Corrugated card
strong and lightweight, used for packaging protection and point of sale stands, available in different thicknesses
Solid white board
White board is a strong medium it is bleached so it provides a good surface for printing
Foil lined board
is good quality cardboard with a aluminium foil lining. This type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the heat and helps keep the food warm.

15. Task
Sort out the papers and boards into the correct sequence.