1. Montana de Luz Service Learning Project Water Quality Team Final Presentation April 18 th, 2012

2. Pre-Trip Plan Deliverables Replace inefficient existing POU filter system with new system specifically addressing Arsenic and Sediment Perform arsenic field testing and biological testing on different samples of water and document Collect samples of filtered and unfiltered water for lab testing Other Goals Side project of surveying new area and documenting with AutoCad Investigate potential for long term solution Assist other teams with any other side projects

3. Block Diagram (New System) and System Specifics Water Source & Pump Chlorination Storage Distribution Crystal Quest POU in-line Filter Main functions: Removes sediment, Removes arsenic Flow: 2-3 GPM Pressure Range: 30-60 psi Filter media life : Arsenic~ 6 months Sediment~ 6 months or when flow slows Filtered Cold Water Supply Unfiltered Cold Water Supply Unfiltered Hot Water Supply

4. Crystal Quest Filter Installation Monday Examined installation area, took measurements, worked through spacing issues Installed new faucet fixture for filtered cold water line Mounted Crystal Quest filter housing beneath sink using level, masonry drill bit and masonry screws Connected faucet to filter output. Began working on PVC piping additions and connections Plumbing Work For all PVC sections: Cut using saw and clamp being sure to make a straight cut Sanded and removed burs For all threaded fittings: Teflon taped and tightening using hand-tightening as well as wrench tightening For all slip fittings: Mark max depth of fit Primed all surfaces using PVC primer, allow to dry 30 seconds Cement all surfaces Quickly insert PVC into slip fit using a 90 o turning motion

5. Crystal Quest Filter Installation Tuesday Morning Finished priming and cementing all possible pipe sections and connections before turning water off Turned off water supply at 9:15 A.M. Removed and recycled existing valve Cemented last connection after tightening it onto cold water wall outlet Turned on water supply and checked for leaks (Water off for approx. 45 min total) Tuesday Afternoon Remedied leaks Performed arsenic field testing on filtered water Attached signage Created a filter maintenance schedule

6. Installation Photos: New Faucet Fixture

7. Installation Photos: Filter Housing Mount & Plumbing Close-Up Cold Water Outlet Filter Output Valve Filtered Cold Water Line

8. Installation Photos: Completed System Sediment Filter Housing Arsenic Filter Housing

9. Water Flowing at 1.25 GPM!

10. Filter Sustainability Signage (In English & Spanish): Signs placed above sink denoting the use of each (drinking and non-drinking) Signs placed below sink denoting which filter housing hold which type of filter Filter Maintenance Instructions placed adjacent to the sink describing filter maintenance instructions for both cleansing the sediment filter and installing new filter media Training session with Saul allowed him to physically perform maintenance procedures Removing filter housings Cleansing sediment filter Installing new filters Performing arsenic testing (Left him with testing kit) Left maintenance schedules with staff for each filter denoting dates at which each should be checked/tested (Sent digital copy as well)

11. Biological Testing Determined the effectiveness of the water chlorination treatment Concentrated water onto a filter Used a cotton swab to resuspend the cultures Lawn streaked with cotton swab onto LB agar plate Incubated in the dark at rt for ~2 days

12. Unknown microbe cultures grown aerobically in the dark at room temperature on LB media Number of Colonies Volume of Filtered Water (mL) Pre-chlorination>222750 Post-Chlorination 361000 Post-Filtration & Chlorination 71000 Cotton Swab Only (negative control) 00

13. Pre-Filtration

14. Post-Filtration/Control

15. Biological Testing Conclusions Great amount of microbes pre-chlorination Number of colonies were reduced with chlorination Post-filtration and post-chlorination water still showed contamination Sediment may be hindering the chlorines penetrance Removal of the sediment should decrease the amount of contamination If not, more chlorine may need to be added

16. A Future Sediment Filter The biological tests showed that there is still sediment present in the post-filtrated water. The sediment filter cartridges need to be replaced often A large scale sediment filter with a backwash valve should be installed The backwash valve would reduce the number of times the cartridge had to be replaced The large filter should remove large to semi fine sediment while the filter under the sink should remove the very fine sediment

19. Filter Location The filter should be placed outside between the distribution pump shed and the water tower There is a PVC pipe that connects the water storage tanks and the distribution pump The filter could be installed in line with this

20. Filter Location

21. Arsenic Field Testing How it works: a mixture of chemicals react with the water sample to form a gas, this changes the color on test strip to indicate amount of arsenic present Unfiltered, about 70 ppb Filtered, about 10 ppb

22. Arsenic Laboratory Testing Done by: Advanced Analytical Laboratories1025 Concord Avenue Columbus, OH 43212 (614) 299-9922 Unfiltered: 23.1 ug/L Filtered: 25.0 ug/L Other metals tested for: Ag (ND), Ba (39 ug/L), Cd (ND), Cr (ND), Pb (3.28 ug/L), Hg (ND), Se (ND) Methods used: Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy

23. What the results mean? Field test kit tested for inorganic arsenic and the laboratory tested for total arsenic, both inorganic and organic arsenic Inorganic is more toxic then organic arsenic The World Health Organization recommends a level of 1 to 10 ug/L of inorganic arsenic; so not quite to drinking water standards

24. Future Recommendations Find a laboratory that tests for inorganic and organic arsenic separately Keep up on maintenance by doing the field test while in country and make sure the filter does not need to be replaced

25. Conclusions: What We Achieved We successfully installed a functional point of use water filtration system which drastically reduces arsenic and sediment concentration, has a high flow rate, functions when the power is off, and is more cost effective than their previous filter We provided them with training, supplies and documentation to maintain the filter Gained valuable knowledge about the water quality to pass on to future groups We assisted with the maintenance of the Tilapia Pond, shade netting in the garden, and the Biodigester

26. Conclusions continued: What We Learned & Future Goals Positively influencing MdL makes our project feel like a great success An extremely high concentration of sediment is present in the water Could be the source of many problems within water distribution system & quality Our solution is making a positive impact but a longer- term solution removing all the sediment would make a long-lasting change to their water quality Experienced working in a team, approaching real-life engineering challenges, deadlines, and adapting to unique situations

27. Acknowledgements… Thank You Dr. Merrill, Dr. Greene, Carlos Montoya, Brad Doudican, Dr. Walker, Saul, Ruth DeYoe, Crystal Quest, and MdL Directors and Staff!