1. OVERVIEW OF SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING (SDB)

2. Some Pertinent Questions
Do you snore while you sleep?
Is it your nature to just snore?
Are you a light sleeper?
Who has ever fallen asleep while driving?
You cannot stay without falling asleep during meetings!
Whose child has a behavioural problem or coping poorly in school?
Whose blood pressure/blood glucose level remains high despite adequate and good adherence to therapy?

3. Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB)
Sleep disorders that involve difficulty in breathing during sleep are classified as sleep related breathing disorders
Types:
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
Central Sleep Apnoea
Others

4. What is sleep apnea?
"Apnea" literally means "no breath" or "stopping breathing"
Obstructive sleep apnea - is a clinical disorder marked by frequent pauses in breathing during sleep usually accompanied by loud snoring
Central sleep apnea - a group of sleep-related breathing disorders in which respiratory effort is diminished or absent in an intermittent or cyclical fashion during sleep

5. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
OSA is a major public health issue
Prevalence is increasing due to obesity pandemic and aging population
Is not a life-threatening condition in itself
But it can result in serious problems such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
OSA can impact on the quality of life
But can be easily managed

6. How Common is Sleep Apnea?
Overall population prevalence ranged from 9% to 38% (higher in men)
It increases with increasing age
In some elderly groups, it is as high as 90% in men and 78% in women
Many people have sleep apnea, but may not even know it
So it's more common than you might think

7. Does it affect children?

8. YES!
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnea - is a sleep disorder in which your child's breathing
is partially or completely blocked repeatedly during sleep
Due to narrowing or blockage of the upper airway during sleep

9. Sleep Apnea - Symptoms & Risk Factors
Snoring. ...
Frequent breaks or pauses in breathing. ...
You're Tired all the Time. ...
You frequently wake with headaches. ...
You Have High Blood Pressure. ...
You are overweight or obese. ...
You are often irritable, depressed, or experience mood swings

10. Other symptoms of sleep apnea include
Choking or gasping sounds
Daytime sleepiness or fatigue
Unrefreshing sleep
Insomnia
Morning headaches
Nocturia (waking during the night to go to the bathroom)
Difficulty concentrating
Memory loss
Decreased sexual desire

11. Common risk factors for sleep apnea include
Excess weight 
Large neck size 
Middle age
Male gender
Hypertension 
Family history

12. Breaking News

13. Sleep apnea can occur in slim people too!

14. Sleep Apnea - Risk Factors
In adults, certain physical features or body types can make a person more likely to have sleep apnea
Small lower jaw
A prominent overbite
A short, large neck
Nasal breathing obstruction
Very crowded teeth
→ smaller air passage at the back of the throat

15. Sleep Apnea Screening
Have you been told that you snore loudly on most nights?
Yes   No   Not Sure
Have you been told (or noticed on your own) that you stop breathing or struggle to breathe in your sleep?
Are you tired, fatigued or sleepy on most days?
Do you have acid reflux or high blood pressure (or use medicines to treat either of these conditions?)
Are you overweight?

16. Please Remember!
That questionnaires are screening tools only and cannot replace a thorough history and physical or objective sleep laboratory evaluation

17. Sleep Apnea - Treatment
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
Oral Appliance Therapy
Surgery
Weight Management
Positional Therapy
Lifestyle Changes (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, quitting smoking, no alcohol use)

18. FOR CLEARITY SAKE!
Sleep related groaning, also called catathrenia, causes you to groan vocally while you sleep
The cause of sleep related groaning is not known
It is not related to any problem with breathing
There is also no abnormal brain activity involved
A physical exam tends to show no related medical cause
There also does not appear to be any link to mental disorders

19. THE SLEEP TEAM Dental Sleep Expert E.N.T Surgeon
Paediatric Sleep Physician
Sleep Nurse
Sleep Respiratory Therapist
Adult Sleep Physician (Pulmonologist, Neurologist, Psychiatrist)

20. Some Pertinent Questions
Do you snore while you sleep?
Is it your nature to just snore?
Are you a light sleeper?
Who has ever fallen asleep while driving?
You cannot stay without falling asleep during meetings!
Whose child has a behavioral problem or coping poorly in school
Whose blood pressure/blood glucose level remains high despite adequate and good adherence to therapy?

21. Thank you for listening…