1. Classification
Chapter 18

2. How are living things organized for study?

3. Classification
To study the __________ of life, biologists use a classification system to __________ organisms and ___________ them in a logical manner
Why?
Common names can be confusing (buzzard) or misleading (starfish)
Taxonomy: discipline of ____________organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted _______
In science we use ___________ ___________, a 2-part naming system developed by Carolus ___________ (1700s).

4. Binomial Nomenclature
Rules:
Both words must be in ____________ or underlined.
The first letter of the first word (the ________) is _____________.
The second word (the _________) is in _________________.
Always written in ______________ ( language most of English is derived from)
Example
Felis catus

5. Kingdoms and Domains There are 2 different Systems of Classification:
________________________
Monera
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
_____________________________ (“superkingdoms”)
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

6. Classification System
Linnaeus created a classification system based on organism’s _____ and ___________.
He created 7 _____ (classification “groups”, domain added later) from __________ to most specific:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dumb Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

7. Brown Squirrel Kingdom: _____________ (“is an animal”)
Phylum: Chordata (“has a spine”)
Class: ____________ (“nurses its young”)
Order: Rodentia (“has long sharp front teeth”)
Family: ____________ (“has a bushy tail”)
Genus: Tamiasciurus (“climbs trees”)
Species: _________________ (“has brown fur on its back and white fur on its underparts”)

8. How do we determine how similar or how dissimilar certain organisms are?

9. Cladistics
Cladistics is one method of _________________phylogenies (how they are related) based on ______________ traits.
Patterns of ____________ characteristics
______________ traits are new characteristics that arise as lineages evolve over time.
These derived traits are displayed on a cladogram.
Shows the ________________ relationships among a group of organisms

10. Cladogram

11. DICHOTOMOUS KEY
A tool used to identify ____________ or _______________.
A list of characteristics become more ______________ as they describe the particular item of interest.
Forced-choice selection between two characteristic options
Follow directions next to characteristic until you get to a species (like “choose your own path books”)