1. Particle Theory of Matter
Science Unit 2

2. What is matter? Everything is made of matter
Definition of matter: anything that has weight and takes up space
Weight – how heavy something is
Volume – the amount of space taken up by something (example: water in a glass)

3. States of matter All matter comes in different forms, or states
1 – LIQUID
2 – SOLID
3 – GAS
All states take up space and have weight

4. How is air matter? If it is, it should take up space and have weight…
Take a few minutes to explain your observations and answer the question above.
1 – empty balloon into a small box. Air filled balloon into an air filled box.
2 – empty balloons hanging from each end of ruler (by string). Fill one balloon.

5. Conclusion
The balloon full of air will always weigh more than the empty one because:
Air is matter, and matter has weight and takes up space, whether it is a liquid, a solid, or a gas.

6. What is matter made of? Matter is made of particles
Particles are: the tiny building blocks that make up matter
Particles cannot be seen with the naked eye

7. properties Properties are how an object looks and behaves.
Distinguishing qualities such as colour, shape, size, temperature, or weight (characteristics).
Remember the 3 states of matter?

8. solid Matter that has a definite size and shape
Particles are packed so tight that they vibrate beside one another but they don’t move around.
Nothing passes through a solid – example: a brick wall

9. liquid Matter has definite size but not definite shape.
Particles are packed less tight. The extra room between them allows them to move around.
Example: swimming laps through a pool of water.

10. gas Matter that has no definite size or shape.
There is so much space between the constantly moving particles that objects can move around between them easily.
Example: walking through a room.

11. Particle review

12. If something is a solid will it stay a solid?
Is a liquid always a liquid?
Do gases ever become non-gases?

13. The candle List the sensory properties of the candle.
Explain your observations.
SOLID LIQUID

14. My Tea List the sensory properties of tea. Explain your observations.
LIQUID GAS

15. Winter trees List the properties of water/liquid Explain the photo
GAS SOLID

16. CONCLUSION
When an object made of matter changes states, its properties can change.
It doesn’t matter what state an object is in – it’s still matter
Matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving and can change states.

17. Measuring properties of matter
Hunting for Properties (4 min)
Measurement Mystery (3:45)

18. Conclusion Ways to measure properties of matter:
Length (distance from end to end)
Width (distance from side to side)
Height (distance from top to bottom)
Volume (amount of space an object takes up: length x width x height)
Weight (how heavy an object is).
Activity: find properties of many objects and record on organizer.

19. Other Properties of matter:
The science of lunch
Hardness – the measure of how difficult it is to scratch or crush a certain type of matter
Malleability – the measure of how easily matter can be shaped into different forms (play doh is maleable)

20. …
Conductivity – measure of how easily matter transports heat or electricity
Magnetism – measure of how matter reacts to a magnet

21. The state matter is in often has to do with other things
Temperature:
Freezing point – the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid (water = 0 degrees C)
Melting point – the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling point – the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas (water = about 100 degrees C)

22. … Reflectivity: The measure of how much matter reflects light
Metal has high reflectivity
Cloth doesn’t bounce light in the same way
Transparency:
Measure how much light can pass through
Windows have high transparency, bricks have low transparency
Activity: find properties of many objects and record on organizer. Include glass of water, blocks, cloth, etc. Students should use sensory observations (touch, see, transparency) and measurement observations. Have ready: rulers, scale, flashlight, thermometer, magnets.

23. Material scientists
Someone who invented a new material to solve a problem.
You are your partner are to research a material that was invented for a purpose.
Answer the 5Ws and 1H.
Record your sources using MLA formatting (you should have at least 2)
You will make a 8x11 poster of your findings to be put on display in the classroom.

24. Non-newtonian fluids
Matter that fits into more than one category (liquid, gas, and solid).
What are some examples?
Reminder:
Solid – has definite size and shape
Liquid – has a definite size but not shape
Gas – has no definite size or shape

25. Experiment: Non-Newtonian Recipe:
1 ½ c Cornstarch + 1 c Water + bowl + spoon
Put cornstarch in bowl and slowly add water
Stir until it has a texture like honey
Place the material in your hand and squeeze to form a solid ball
Now release the pressure

26. viscosity The rate at which a fluid flows.
Newtonian fluids (normal ones) flow at a consistent rate.
Non-Newtonian fluids flow at a different rate, depending on how much force or pressure is applied to them.
Our experiment flowed at much slower rate with pressure – acting like a solid
When pressure was removed it flowed faster – acting like a liquid

27. conclusion
Some materials can fit into more than just one state = non-newtonian fluids

28. Mixtures
Any thing made by combining two or more different things

29. solutions
A mixture in which 2 kinds of particles are evenly distributed in a container
Sugar and water
The air we breath (nitrogen, oxygen, other)
Solutions can be separated again, back into the substances that made them

30. solubility The measure of a substance’s ability to be dissolved
Ex) sand doesn’t dissolve in water = low solubility
The sugar mentioned before has high solubility
But what if I keep adding sugar?

31. saturation
The point at which no more solute can dissolve in a solution
When the sugar sits in the bottom of the water glass…

32. Chemistry
The science of different kinds of matter, and how that matter can change
Chemical change – mixing things together making a whole new substance (particles are rearranged) – can’t be undone
Gives off or takes heat
Often change colour
Make smells (not always bad)
Release light
Release gases

33. heat Can be transmitted in 3 ways: conduction, convection, radiation
Bill Nye the Science Guy: Heat