1. GENOCIDE’S CAUSES AND LESSONS: RWANDA, & DARFUR
Why talk about genocide in a class on international security?

2. WHAT IS GENOCIDE?
The 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide: Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group as such:
killing members of the group;
causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
[and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

3. WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEALING WITH GENOCIDE?
What is not covered by the CPPCG? Mass murder in general, politicide or murder because of social standing
What specifically does it require? Signatories agree to be subject to prosecution for any of the following:
Genocide
Conspiracy to commit genocide
Direct and public incitement to commit genocide
Attempt to commit genocide
Complicity in genocide

4. More details on the CPPCG
Who does it cover? 137 countries have ratified the 1948/51 agreement,
Is everyone covered in the same way? No, several countries including the US have special deals.
Who enforces? The Intl. Court
When has it been used? Rwanda (1998) Bosnia (2007), but not Iraq
Any efforts to go further and stop genocide before it happens? UN Sec. Council 1674 requires the Sec. Council to act.

5. WHAT CAUSES GENOCIDE? Gregory Stanton’s “8 Steps to Genocide”
Classification of them and us
Symbolization for propaganda
Duhumanization
Organization of genocidal groups
Polarization to get killers ready
Preparation, including separation of victims
Extermination
Denial

6. WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM RWANDA?
19th C to 1962: Colonial occupation with divide and conquer
: Hutu rule (85% pop)
1990: The Rwandan Patriotic Front invades from Uganda
1993: Truce and UN peacekeeping
1994: 75 percent of all Tutsi’s murdered
1995 to now: Hutus on the run and genocide in the Congo
1998 International court prosecutes; truth and reconciliation proceedings
Today: The UN and the intl. community are making strides

7. IS DARFUR A GENOCIDE?
Issues from your readings…