1. Chapter 11 Biology Review
Evolution of Populations
Holt McDougal Biology

2. Question 1
1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE. .

3. Answer 1
1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE. (any 3 are acceptable)
1) Very large population
2) No gene flow
3) No mutations
4) Random mating
5) No natural selection

4. Q 2
2. TRUE OR FALSE
Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST. .

5. A 2
2. TRUE OR FALSE
Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST.
TRUE

6. Q 3
. Write the name of the kind of selection shown under each graph shown below.

7. Answer 3A
(Favors BOTH extremes)
3A) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION .

8. ANSWER 3B 3b) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION
(Favors ONE extreme phenotype & shifts the graph to that direction)

9. Answer 3 C 3C) Stabilizing Selection
Favors the Intermediate phenotype & squishes the graph towards the center.

10. Q 4
4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _________. A) small B) Very large

11. A 4
4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _________. A) small B) Very large

12. Q 5
5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s _____________ ___________.

13. A 5
5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s __gene pool .

14. Q 6
6.The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called ____________.

15. A 6
6.The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called COEVOLUTION__.

16. Q 7
7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of _______________ evolution.
A) convergent
B) divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution

17. A 7
7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of _______________ evolution.
A) convergent
B) divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution

18. Q 8
8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change.
A) Gradualism
B) Coevolution
C) Punctuated Equilibrium
D) Hardy Weinburg Theory

19. A 8
8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change.
A) Gradualism
B) Coevolution
C) Punctuated Equilibrium
D) Hardy Weinburg Theory

20. Q 9
9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ?
A) Mutation
B) Nonrandom Mating
C) Gene Flow
D) Natural Selection

21. A 9
9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ?
A) Mutation
B) Nonrandom Mating
C) Gene Flow
D) Natural Selection .

22. Q 10
10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _________.
A) are evolving
B) are not evolving
C) Both A & B
D) Neither

23. A 10
10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _________.
A) are evolving
B) are not evolving
C) Both A & B
D) Neither

24. Q 11
11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ____________evolution.
A) Convergent
B) Divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution
E) None of above .

25. A 11
11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ____________evolution.
A) Convergent
B) Divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution
E) None of above .

26. Q 15
15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________.
A. punctuated equilibrium
B. gradualism
C. symbiosis
D. mass extinction

27. A 15
15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________.
A. punctuated equilibrium
B. gradualism
C. symbiosis
D. mass extinction

28. Q 16 A) Disruptive B) Directional C) Stabilizing
16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection?
A) Disruptive
B) Directional
C) Stabilizing

29. A 16 A) Disruptive B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score)
16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection?
A) Disruptive
B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score)
C) Stabilizing

30. Q 17
17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) ____________________.
A) recombination
B) Mutation
C) Mutalation
D) polygenic trait
E) None of above

31. A 17
17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) ____________________.
A) recombination
B) Mutation
C) Mutalation
D) polygenic trait
E) None of above

32. Q 18
18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”.

33. A 18
18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”.
TRUE

34. Q 19
19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
A) Bottleneck effect
B) Founder effect
C) Natural Selection
D) Stabiliizing selection

35. A 19
19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
A) Bottleneck effect
B) Founder effect
C) Natural Selection
D) Stabiliizing selection

36. Q 20
20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?

37. A 20 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?
- A group of similar organisms that can REPRODUCE to have FERTILE OFFSPRING.

38. Q 21
21) True or False: “ In natural selection, it is environmental changes that do the selecting”

39. A 21
TRUE

40. Q 22
22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ___________.
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation

41. A 22
22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ___________.
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation

42. Q 23
23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population?
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation .

43. A 23
23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population?
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation .

44. Q 24
24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors?
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation .

45. A 24
24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors?
A) Behavioral Isolation
B) Temporal Isolation
C) Geographic Isolation .

46. Q 25
25) The formation of new species is called -__________________

47. A 25
25) The formation of new species is called Speciation.

48. Q 26
26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, _____________________selection results.
Stabilizing
Directional
C) Disruptive
D) Normal distribution
E) Fluxuant

49. A 26
26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, _____________________selection results.
Stabilizing
Directional
C) Disruptive
D) Normal distribution
E) Fluxuant

50. Q 27
27) _________________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population.
A) Gene Pool
B) Genotype
C) Allele Frequency
D) Gene Frequency

51. A 27
27) _________________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population.
A) Gene Pool
B) Genotype
C) Allele Frequency
D) Gene Frequency

52. Q 28
28) Alternative versions of genes are called ____________________.
A) Phenotypes
B) Alleles
C) Frequencies
D) Mutations
E) Fluxuants

53. A 28
28) Alternative versions of genes are called ____________________.
A) Phenotypes
B) Alleles
C) Frequencies
D) Mutations
E) Fluxuants

54. Q 29 29) ________________is favored during Stabilizing Selection?
A) Both extreme phenotypes
B) an Intermediate Phenotype
C) one extreme of a trait’s range

55. A 29 29) ________________is favored during Stabilizing Selection?
A) Both extreme phenotypes
B) an Intermediate Phenotype
C) one extreme of a trait’s range

56. Q 30
30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as ___________________
A) Macroevolution
B) Microevolution
C)Coevolution

57. A 30
30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as ___________________
A) Macroevolution
B) Microevolution
C)Coevolution

58. Q31
31) _____________________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes.
A) Directional
B) natural
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Convergent

59. A 31
31) _____________________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes.
A) Directional
B) natural
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Convergent

60. Q 32
32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range?
A) Directional
B) normal distribution
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Natural  

61. A 32
32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range?
A) Directional
B) normal distribution
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Natural