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Evolution of Left Ventricular Size in Late Survivors of Surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Markus Bjurbom, MS, Ajay J. Iyengar, MBBS, BMedSci, Florian Moenkemeyer, MD, Igor E. Konstantinov, MD, PhD, Christian P. Brizard, MD, Yves d’Udekem, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 104, Issue 3, Pages (September 2017) DOI: /j.athoracsur Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 1 (A) Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from death/transplantation/Fontan take-down, comparing patients with aortic atresia/mitral atresia (AA/MA [dashed line]) and patients with all other subtypes of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (solid line). (B) Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from death/transplant/takedown/New York Heart Association III–IV/right ventricle (RV) impairment moderate or greater/tricuspid regurgitation moderate or greater for patients in group B (solid line) compared with patients with severe left ventricle (LV) hypoplasia (LV/RV length ratio ≤0.55) with AA/MA (dotted line) and patients with severe LV hypoplasia (LV/RV ≤0.55) without AA/MA (dashed line). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 2 (A) Evolution of interventricular septum (IVS) thickness from birth until last follow-up for group A (left ventricle/right ventricle [LV/RV] length ratio <0.55). (B) Evolution of IVS thickness from birth until last follow-up for group B (LV/RV length ratio >0.55). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 3 Left ventricle/right ventricle (LV/RV) length ratio change over time. The LV/RV ratios were measured at three points—at birth (light gray), before Fontan (dark gray), and at last follow-up (medium gray)—for group A (LV/RV length ratio <0.55) versus group B (LV/RV length ratio >0.55). The p values are for comparisons of LV/RV ratios with the previous ratio as reference point. The lines above and below the boxes represent minimum and maximum. The quartiles are bounded by the boxes themselves. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 4 (A) Echocardiographic examinations illustrating evolution of relative ventricular size at birth (a), before Fontan (b), and at last follow-up (c) for a patient in group A (left ventricle/right ventricle [LV/RV] length ratio <0.55). (B) Echocardiographic examinations illustrating evolution of relative ventricular size at birth (a), before Fontan (b), and at last follow-up (c) for a patient in group B (LV/RV length ratio >0.55). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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