1. Section 1: Slavery and States’ Rights
Main Ideas
The United States divided along sectional lines because of regional economic differences.
Many Texans supported secession because of states’ rights.
Question: Why did the United States divide along sectional lines?

2. OF AMERICA South North UNITED STATES
disagreements over slavery
North-South economic differences
disagreements over states’ rights
Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
formation of Republican Party (1854)
Dred Scott decision (1857)
John Brown’s raid (1859)
Election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)

3. Section 2: The Civil War Begins
Main Ideas
Texans responded swiftly to the Confederate call to arms to join the Civil War.
Texas prepared for the war by establishing new industries.
The South’s experienced military leaders were an important resource during the first half of the war.
Question: What were the main strategies of the Civil War?

4. SECTION 2 North South CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES
establish a naval blockade to prevent goods and war supplies from entering or leaving Confederate ports
gain control of the Mississippi River to cut the South in two
capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital
fight a defensive war and wear down the Union’s will to fight
use cotton diplomacy by denying cotton to European textile markets in hopes of persuading European countries to recognize and support the Confederacy

5. Section 3: Campaigns in Texas and the Southwest
Main Ideas
By fighting in and around Texas, the Confederacy hoped to avoid Union occupancy.
Geographic features affected the outcome of the military campaigns fought in the region.
Question: What campaigns were fought in and near Texas, and what were the Confederacy’s goals?

6. Outcome/Significance
New Mexico
Galveston
Sabine
Pass
South
Texas
Red
River
Campaign
Confederate Goals
Outcome/Significance
gain control of the Southwest and its valuable mines; gain access to Pacific ports
Texas troops were forced to retreat. Union forces retained control of the Southwest.
regain control of the important Texas port at Galveston
Texas forces and cottonclads regained control of Galveston.
stop a Union invasion of Texas up Sabine Pass
Texas troops turned back the invading Union gunboats.
protect border region and trade routes with Mexico
Texas troops drove Union forces from the mainland.
stop Union invasions up the Red River and from Arkansas
Confederate forces defeated both invasions.

7. Section 4: The Texas Home Front
Main Ideas
Texans endured many hardships during the Civil War.
Unionists lost some of their civil rights during the war.
Question: What was life like for Texans during the Civil War?

8. Cause decrease in labor force military draft economic shortages Effect
Union naval blockade prevented trade. Many goods sent to the army.
Many Texas men
were fighting in
the war.
Volunteers did not
provide enough
soldiers for the
Confederacy.
Texans used substitute items, made more items by hand, and grew
more corn and
wheat for the army.
Women and men
at home ran farms,
worked in factories,
and organized
groups to aid in
the war effort.
White men between
18 and 35 had to
serve (later between
17 and 50). Draft
loopholes led to
some opposition.

9. Section 5: The End of the War
Main Ideas
Decisive Union victories in 1863, 1864, and 1865 ended the Civil War.
The Texas economy was badly damaged by the Civil War.
Question: What were the final events and battles of the Civil War?

10. Grant Pursues Lee toward Richmond
Savannah Falls! South Left Devastated!
1864:
December 1864:
In eastern Virginia, Grant’s Union army is engaging Lee’s forces. Both sides are suffering heavy losses, but the larger Union force is keeping Lee on the defensive as it drives toward Richmond.
Union forces under General Sherman have taken Savannah, Georgia. Their March to the Sea has left in its wake a trail of devastation. Confederate general Hood’s outnumbered forces were powerless to stop it.

11. Why did Texas suffer less from the war than other areas of the South?
Chapter Wrap-Up
Why did Texas suffer less from the war than other areas of the South?
How did some Texas Unionists lose their civil rights during the war?
Why did most of the Union forces invade Texas by attacking coastal ports?