1. Elements and Their Properties
Test on Friday March 15

2. Metals
Gold was the first metal used (6000 years ago) followed by copper and silver.
Found on the periodic table to the left of the stair step.

3. Properties of Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity
All but one (Mercury) is a solid at room temperature
Reflect light (luster)
Can be hammered into sheets (malleable)
Can be stretched into wires (ductile)

4. Bonding in Metals
The atoms of metals give up electrons to the atoms of nonmetals in ionic bonding.
Occurs when a metal bonds to a nonmetal.
Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons in metallic bonding.
The electrons in metallic bonding move freely between the atoms.
Occurs when a metal bonds to another metal.

5. Alkali Metals Group 1 on Periodic Table
Have one electron in their outer energy level
Have properties of all metals
Softer than other metals
Most reactive
They are so reactive they don’t exist by themselves in nature, only bonded to something else.
Li is used to treat bipolar disorder
Used in batteries

6. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 on the Periodic Table
Each AEM has two electrons in its outer energy level.
Very reactive
Mg is used in fireworks
Ca is a vitamin needed to stay healthy and develop strong bones
Ra is radioactive and used to treat cancers

7. Transition Elements Groups 3 – 12 on the periodic table Most familiar
Not very reactive
Can be found in nature
Iron, Cobalt, Nickel used to make steel and other alloys (mixture of metals)
Gold, silver and copper are known as the coinage metals because they are used to make coins.

8. Inner Transition Metals
The bottom two rows on the periodic table
Lanthanides
Elements 58 – 71
Combine to produce the colors on tv screens
Actinides
Elements 90 – 103
Radioactive and Unstable
Used in photography, nuclear reactors, and weapons

9. Metals in the Crust
Metals are found in the earth’s crust and must be mined and processed.
They are originally ores (combined with other elements)
They are refined to separate the metal from the rock
This normally involves heating until the metal melts.
This process can be very expensive

10. Metals Quiz What does it mean to be malleable?
What does it mean to be ductile?
What is luster?
Where are the metals located on the periodic table?
What happens to the reactions of metals with water as you move down the periodic table?

11. Nonmetals Usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
Not malleable or ductile
Do not conduct electricity or heat
Not shiny
Located on the right hand side of the stair step (except for Hydrogen)

12. Nonmetal Bonding Nonmetals bonding can be ionic Or covalent
One atom loses its outer electrons so another atom can take them
Or covalent
Atoms share the outer electrons

13. Hydrogen 90% of atoms in the universe are Hydrogen
Most of the hydrogen on earth is found in water
Hydrogen is a diatomic molecule
Two identical atoms bond together
You will never find H in nature, only H2
Very reactive because it only has one electron
Normally that electron is lost to form H+

14. Halogens Group 17 Very reactive
Have 7 electrons in the outer energy level
Forms a salt when it reacts with a nonmetal
Used in pools, bleaches, toothpaste, and cosmetics
Iodine undergoes sublimation (changes from a solid to a gas without turning into a liquid)

15. Noble Gases Group 18 They have a full outer energy level
They are stable and no natural compounds exist naturally
Used in balloons and neon lights

16. Nonmetals Quiz What does it mean to be a diatomic molecule?
How is H different from H+?
How are solid nonmetals different from solid metals?
What happens to the electrons in an ionic bond?
What happens to the electrons in a covalent bond?

17. Metalloids Can form ionic and covalent bonds with metals and nonmetals
Have metallic and nonmetallic properties
Some can conduct electricity, but not very well
Sometimes called semiconductors
Located on the stair step on the periodic table
(Al is on the stair step, but is NOT a metalloid, Al is a metal)

18. Boron Group Consists of Boron And Aluminum
Used in laundry soap and antiseptic
And Aluminum
Most abundant metal in the earth’s crust
Strong and light weight
Used in construction of buildings, cars and airplanes

19. Carbon Group Consists of Carbon Silicon And Germanium Nonmetal
Used as a semiconductor (element that conducts electricity only under certain conditions) for electronics
Most silicon is found in sand, rocks, and dirt
And Germanium
Used as a semiconductors

20. Allotropes Allotropes are different forms of the same element.
Carbon has 8 allotropes