1. The Civil War

2. USA vs CSA

3. USA vs CSA
Also, the US has a strong leader in President Lincoln and has a well-organized navy
What about the Confederacy?
Psychological – fighting for survival
Familiar territory/ defending
Strong military leaders – Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Nathan Bedford Forrest

4. Union Strategy Anaconda Plan Keep the Border States
Blockade southern ports and take control of Mississippi River to cut CSA in half
Keep the Border States
MO, KY, MD, DL
So, not mess with slavery – goal is to save the Union

5. Confederacy’s Strategy
Defensive War
Make Union suffer casualties
Gain international support
Britain and France

6. Bull Run/ Manassas July 1861 Virginia
USA – General McDowell with 30,000
CSA – Generals Johnston and Beauregard with 32,000
Confederate victory thanks to reinforcements
Where Stonewall Jackson gets his name
Get new Union general - McClellan

7. Union Success in the West
Feb 1862
Grant captures Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
Capture 14,000 Confederates
April 1862 – Battle of Shiloh
Tennessee
USA – Grant with 67,000 vs CSA – Albert Sydney Johnston with 45,000
Confederates win 1st day but Union reinforcements arrive 2nd day and defeat them. Johnston is killed
25,000 casualties in 2 days – horrified North and South
Grant gets the reputation as a butcher

8. Monitor v. Merrimack

9. Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Spring 1862
Stonewall Jackson used speed and surprise to defeat Union armies totaling 52,000 with only 17,000 men.
Major Confederate victory as Lincoln must take troops away from the Peninsula Campaign to protect Washington DC

10. Peninsular Campaign/Seven Days Battle
March – July 1862
McClellan (US) vs Joseph Johnston (CS) and later Robert E. Lee
US – 105,000
CS – 92,000
Lee is aggressive
Confederate Victory
Saves the capital
Lincoln replaces
McClellan

11. Second Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
August 1862
US – John Pope – 62,000
CS – Lee – 50,000
Confederate Victory
North becomes even
more demoralized
Lee/army is seen as
Invincible

12. Antietam/Sharpsburg
After victories, Lee wants to invade the North to end the war or win a victory to get international support
Sept 1862 – McClellan finds Lee’s plans
US – McClellan – 75,000
CS – Lee- 36,000
Bloodiest single day of Civil War as there are 23,000 casualties
Stalemate but Lee does retreat

13. Emancipation Proclomation
Lincoln for the past year realized he could not avoid slavery issue – but needs a victory so it does not look like desperation
Use Antietam
Said all slaves are free in the rebelling states
Not free in Border states
Actually, did not really free anyone
However, still a turning point b/c it redefined the war for the North – now it is about slavery

14. Fredericksburg Dec 1862 Virginia US – Burnside – 115,000
CS – Lee – 73,000
Confederates have good defenses
Union Army loses 14,000
CSA Army loses 4,000
Confederate Victory

15. The Civil War

16. As you come in, think about these questions
What was the Union’s strategy?
What was the South’s strategy?
What happened at Antietam?
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Who were the South’s two most brilliant generals?

17. The Home Front What the North does while the South is away
Income Tax
Homestead Act
Pacific Railroad Act
Land Grant College Act
Lincoln vs Copperheads
Lincoln suspends right of habeas corpus
The CSA finds it difficult to pay for the war
Print paper money - inflation

18. Chancellorsville May 1863 Virginia CS – Lee – 55,000
US –Hooker – 132,000
Confederate Victory
Considered Lee’s greatest victory
Jackson is accidentally shot – dies May 10

19. Vicksburg City along the Mississippi River
Union needed it to control the River
Anaconda Plan
Grant’s first few attempts fail
Eventually surrounds the city – under siege
Confederates forces surrender on July 4, 1863
Major Union Victory
Confederacy is split in two

20. Gettysburg
Lee wants to gain international support, demoralize the Northern public, and end the war, so he invades the North.

21. Gettysburg Confederates were looking for shoes Find Union cavalry
Both sides call in reinforcements
Day 1 – Confederates drive Yankees from Gettysburg

22. Gettysburg – Day 2 Lee with 75,000 Meade with 92,000
Lee hits them on the right and left
Stalemate – Yankees hold

23. Gettysburg – Day 3
Lee decides to hit them in the center at Cemetery Ridge
Pickett’s Charge - 13,000 Confederates march ¾ mile in open field
Break thru at one point but are defeated
55% of 13,000 are casualties

24. Gettysburg – Turning Point
Union Victory
Over 50,000 casualties
Lee retreated back to Virginia
Largest battle of Civil War
Why did Lee lose?
Stonewall Jackson
JEB Stuart
General Ewell

25. 1864 – Overland Campaign (May-June)
Grant called by Lincoln to head Union Army and fight against Lee in 1864
Plan - inflict losses on South they could not replace
Total War - hit military and civilian targets to weaken economy and army
Battles:
Wilderness CS 10,000 vs US 18,000
Spotsylvania CS 12,000 vs US 18,000
Cold Harbor CS 3,000 vs US 13,000
High Union casualties – North is not happy with Grant
Finally, armies settle in at Petersburg - siege

27. Sherman’s March to the Sea
General Sherman – does Total War strategy as well
In spring of 1864, 60,000 begin their 250 miles march to Savannah, GA.
Allows troops to loot and destroy anything of value
Destroyed railroads, buildings, farms
Captures and burns Atlanta
Finally captures Savannah, GA in Dec 1864

28. 1864 Election: Lincoln vs McClellan

29. The Civil War
1865

30. Nearing the End
Grant had Lee and Petersburg surrounded and under siege
Grant’s losses are heavy but he can afford them
Lee’s troops are holding but low on food, ammunition, etc…
Possible peace negotiations?
No, b/c US is trying to ratify 13th Amendment
Would abolish slavery

31. Prison Camps Andersonville – in GA Point Lookout – in MD
Hold 10,000, held at one time 32,000
Point Lookout – in MD
Hold 10,000, held at one time 50,000
Lack of food, medical supplies, and spread of disease caused thousands to die

32. The War Ends
Lee evacuates Petersburg and Richmond is abandoned in April 1865
Decides to surrender at Appomattox Court House
Surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865
Other southern forces surrender in the coming months
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14
Part of a plot to create chaos in the North and give South time to regroup

33. Why the North Won Population Technology Resources
Military leaders (Grant and Sherman)
Lincoln

34. Impact of the War
Industrial Growth – will continue after the war in the North, lay foundation for Industrial Revolution
The South and its economy was in ruins
Freed slaves head West – get cheap land and start fresh
Still sectional differences but not to the extent of leading to a war.