1. UNIT 2 Communication process (5)
2.1 Definition and Importance of Communication in Extension
2.2 Interpersonal Communication
2.3 Barriers to Interpersonal Communication
2.4 Strategies for effective interpersonal communication

2. Definition and Importance of Communication in Extension
Various social scientists, educationist, and psychologists have defined communication in different ways. Few of them are :
Dr. J. Paul Leagans “ it is a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions in ways that each gains a common understanding of the message….”

3. Definition and importance…..
Warren Weaver “…all the procedures by which one mind can affect another “
Loomis and Beegle “ the process by which information, decisions and directions pass through a social system and the ways in which knowledge, opinions and attitudes are formed or modified.”
Gist “ when social interaction involves the transmission of meanings through the usage of symbols, it is known as communication.

4. Definition…. It is a process
_ In which exchange of knowledge, ideas or feelings takes place and this exchange creates impact on both.
_ By which messages are transferred from source to receiver.
_ Of transferring an idea, skill or aptitude from one person to another accurately and satisfactorily.

5. Definition….. Importance of communication :
Effective Communication increases the store of information.
Increased level of information means increased knowledge.
People with good knowledge are responsive and responsible, and are capable to bring positive changes in the society.
So effective communication brings desirable changes in the community or society

6. Definition…
According to the audience size communication can be divided into three categories. They are interpersonal communication, mass communication, and group communication.
Interpersonal communication is the most effective system of communication to impart knowledge, to develop skill and to change attitude.

7. Definition…
Extension workers have to reach and teach communities (mass) in the shortest possible time.
Communication medias are only solution to complete this herculean task of mass communication.
Researchers and users are the two banks of the river, communication is the boat and extension worker is the sailor.

8. Definition…. Important functions of communication are Persuasion
Information
Education
Entertainment
Arousal of emotions and feelings
Decision making
Interaction or management

9. Communication process
Various elements involved in communication process are :
Sender (source)
Message
Channel
Receiver (audience)
Effects

10. Elements of communication
Sender /Source/Communication/Speaker
It is the person or apparatus that starts process or it is the point of origin of the message.
- Communicator decides what message to be sent, how to treat it, what channel to use and which receiver to reach.

11. Elements…
The message
Information package may be single signal or complete pamphlet/ instruction/blue print.
The channel
It is the medium which is used to convey message to targeted audience
The receiver/audience
They are the consumer of the messages
Effects
Response of the audience

12. Types of Communication in extension
Four types of communications have been described based on channels.
Verbal or oral
Non-verbal
Written
Audio/audio visual

13. Types of communication
Verbal or oral means spoken words in
communication process
Can be face to face
Can be over phone
Can be on voice chat in internet
Spoken conversation and dialogues are
Influenced by voice modulation, pitch,
volume, speed and clarity of speaking.

14. Types of communication
Non- verbal communications includes
Body language of the speaker (posture, gesture, and movement)– pushing, patting, feeling, shaking hands, facial expressions
Written communications includes
Snail mail, , letters, pamphlets, leaflets, booklets, news papers etc.
(effectiveness depends on the style of writing, vocabulary, grammar, clarity and precision of language)

15. Types of communication
Audio/audio visuals communications
Providing information through radio, television, loud speaker, slides, computers, internet, posters, cartoons, sign boards etc).
(Effectiveness depends upon the quality of material produced)

16. Types of communication
Types based on style and purpose are : 1. Formal communication - has to take in a set of formal format—business communication, corporate communications– is straight forward, official and always precise and has rigid tone. 2. Informal communication - Requires two people with similar wavelength—occurs between friends and families—no rigid rule, no limitation of time or subjects.

17. Direction of communication
Downward
Upward
Horizontal
Grape vine

18. Flow of communication One way Two way No feed back is asked for
No interaction follows
Gives instructions and directions only
Have to follow what you are told to do
Two way
Have ample of feed back
Plenty of interactions
Vigorous discussions
Agrees and disagrees
Amicable result

19. Interpersonal Communication
IPC refers to the communication between two individuals. Simplest model is
Sender---Message---Receiver
If one of the elements is missing---no communication takes place.

20. Interpersonal Communications
4. Leagans Model
Communicator—Message—channel
Treatment--Audience—Response of Audience
5. Berlo’s Model
Source—Encoder—Message—Channel—Decoder--Receiver

21. Interpersonal Communication
Models of Communication
1. Aristotle’s Model
Speaker--Speech--Audience
This process takes place in face to face situation
2. Weaver’s Model
Source--Transmitter--Signal—Receiver—Destination
3. Westley and Machean’s Model
Sender—Encoder—Channel—Decoder--Receiver

22. Communication Barrier
Factors that impedes the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver is a barrier to communication.
Some factors or problems are obvious and have obvious solutions.
Some are much more subtle, one must be quite perceptive to recognize them.

23. Common barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communication
Barriers pertaining to Communicator
Disregards the values and customs of the audience.
Has less knowledge of message, its validity and usefulness.
Lacks knowledge about people, their needs, interest and ability.
Has little knowledge of the method of communication.

24. Common barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communication
2. Barriers pertaining to Message
If the message is not clear, not applicable, irrelevant, complex and unattractive.
If message conflicts with the major values of the audience.
If the message is unrealistic in forms of their local skills and resources.
If the message does not have reference with the previous knowledge.

25. Common barriers to effective communication
3. Barriers pertaining to audience
If audience do not have self interest.
If audience do not understand the importance of communication.
If audience are tradition bound and do not adopt new technology easily.
If audience is fatalistic and do not believe in new knowledge and skill.

26. Strategies for Effective IPC (overcoming barriers)
Two steps to overcome IPC barrier :
1. Recognizing the barrier.
2. Clearing or minimizing the barrier.
Techniques to overcome some specific barriers :
Difference in perception.
Difference in language.
Overcoming noise.

27. Strategies for Effective IPC (overcoming barriers)
Overcoming emotion.
Overcoming inconsistent verbal and nonverbal communication.
Overcoming distrust.
Trying redundancy.
Creating conducive environment that supports giving and receiving feedback.