1. STRABISMUS-AMBLIOPIA-BINOCULAR VISION
Doç.Dr.Şule Ziylan

2. Extraocular muscles Nervus abduscens Nervus trochlearis
Nervus oculomotorius

3. Extraocular muscles

4. Extraocular muscles
In order to see correctly both eyes must move in same direction. This is done by pulling by one muscle in one direction and relaxing of other muscle.

5. Extraocular muscles Cranial Nerve III
medial rectus muscle, superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, inferior oblique muscle
Cranial Nerve IV
superior oblique muscle
Cranial Nerve VI
lateral rectus muscle

6. Extraocular muscles

7. Binocular single vision
To see one object both eyes must look at it at the same time. Each eye sees it from different angle and each eye sends a slightly different picture to the brain (Binocular vision). Brain blends the two picture to give a three dimensional image. This process is known as fusion and it gives the ability to judge the relative distance in two objects (depth perception).

8. Binocular single vision
Seeing simultaneously with two eyes

9. Binocular single vision
Fusion

10. Stereopsis

11. ??? When should be the first examination?
The propiate time of vision testing?
Is a squint normal in an infant?

12. Teller test

13. Strabismus
Misalignment of the eyes, known as strabismus, is a common problem in childhood. Strabismus is usually recognized by parents as a crossing or drifting out of one or both eyes. The drifting may be constant or intermittent. The risk of strabismus is much higher when a family history of "lazy eye" or crossed eyes is present.

14. Strabismus

15. Nonparalytic strabismus * Inward squint ( esotropia)

16. Nonparalytic strabismus * Inward squint ( esotropia)

17. Nonparalytic strabismus * Inward squint ( esotropia)

18. Nonparalytic strabismus * Inward squint ( esotropia)

19. Nonparalytic strabismus * Inward squint ( esotropia)

20. Nonparalytic strabismus * Outward squint ( exotropia)

21. Nonparalytic strabismus * Special forms

22. Nonparalytic strabismus * Special forms

23. Nonparalytic strabismus * Special forms

24. Paralytic strabismus
If the muscles are not coordinated the images of to eyes send two brain will not fuse and one gets double vision. The child quickly and unconsciously learns to ignore the image of one eye (suppression) and the eye becomes lazy (amblyopic)

25. Paralytic strabismus
Sudden onset
Diplopia
Systemic investigation?

26. Paralytic strabismus 3. nerve palsy ( N. Oculomotorius) 4. nerve palsy
( N. Trochlearis)
6. nerve palsy
( N. Abduscens)

27. Paralitik şaşılık * 6. nerve palsy

28. The subvision without any organic disease
AMBLYOPIA
The subvision without any organic disease

29. ???
The age of amblyopia risk?
The age of amblyopia treatment?

30. Amblyopia Strabismic amblyopia Anisometropic amblyopia
Deprivation amblyopia

31. Amblyopia Strabismic amblyopia Anisometropic amblyopia
Deprivation amblyopia

32. Amblyopia Strabismic amblyopia Anisometropic amblyopia
Deprivation amblyopia

33. THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF AMBLIOPIA
Examination at 1. and 6 months of age
Early diagnosis of strabismus
Early diagnosis of refractive errors
Oclusion therapy