1. Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing Book 2, Third Edition
Dave Kemper, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, and Pat Sebranek, Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 2, 3rd Edition. © 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

2. Chapter 11 Understanding Research
Dave Kemper, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, and Pat Sebranek, Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 2, 3rd Edition. © 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

3. Chapter 11 Outline This chapter addresses:
11.1 Understanding Sources of Information
11.2 Evaluating Sources of Information
11.3 Citing Sources of Information
11.4 Avoiding Plagiarism
11.5 Understanding Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting

4. 11.1 Understanding Sources of Information (1 of 2)
Two general categories of information:
Primary sources: information you collect directly
Conducting interviews
Making observations
Secondary sources: information you collect indirectly
Reference works
Nonfiction books
Periodicals
Websites
Keyword searching

5. 11.1 Understanding Sources of Information (2 of 2)
Keyword searching
Use quotes to find the exact wording you’re looking for; experiment with word order
Dave Kemper, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, and Pat Sebranek, Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 2, Third Edition. ©2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

6. 11.2 Evaluating Sources of Information
Check sources for reliability by asking questions:
Experts and other primary sources
Does the writer have the education or experience to be an expert?
Books and other printed materials
Does the author have the right background? Is the publisher reputable?
Telecasts and broadcasts
Does the TV or radio program address a topic fairly? Who is the intended audience of a broadcast?
Websites
Is the author (if identified) reliable and respected in the field? What type of site is it (government, education, nonprofit, commercial)?

7. 11.3 Citing Sources of Information (1 of 3)
Give credit to the sources of ideas or words you use, to avoid plagiarism.
Plagiarism – using the words and thoughts of others without crediting them in your writing.
Academic essays can use different styles for citing sources.
Modern Language Association (MLA) – Used for research in humanities (literature and philosophy).
American Psychological Association (APA) – Generally used for research in the social sciences (sociology and psychology).

8. 11.3 Citing Sources of Information (2 of 3)
In-text citations

9. 11.3 Citing Sources of Information (3 of 3)
Creating a source list

10. 11.4 Avoiding Plagiarism Three common types of plagiarism:
Copying text without credit – including sentences word-for-word from the original source without giving credit
Neglecting quotation marks – including the exact words from a source without enclosing them in quotation marks
Paraphrasing ideas without citing them – restating a specific passage from an original article or book without identifying the source

11. 11.5 Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
Three main ways to incorporate sources
Summarizing – condenses a source to its most basic ideas while retaining the original order
Paraphrasing – relates an idea in your own words
Quoting – integrates the best words of experts