1. conditionals

2. First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional
There are three basic conditionals that we use very often. There are some more conditionals that we do not use so often.
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional

3. The structure of conditional
First Conditional
If future simple (will + vb-base form)
+ subj + present simple, subj
Unless may/might + base form imperative
Second Conditional
If would
+ subj + past simple, subj vb- base form
Unless could/might

4. Third Conditional If would have
+ subj + past perfect, subj participle
Unless could/might have

5. First conditional
This expresses what will happen if the condition indicated.
EJ: If I finish the project soon, I will go to the cinema with you.
We can use modal May and Might or the verb in the imperative.
EJ: If the library is open, I may / might borrow a book

6. If the senteces are negative To deny the verb of the condition
To use it in conjunction with affirmative unless (if not)
EJ: He won´t believe anything unless we prove it is true

7. Second conditional
The conditional concernes the present but it’s hypothetical, in other words, it’s almost impossible to occur.
EJ: If you told him, he would understand the situation.
If the verb TO BE appears, in all persons we must use WERE.
EJ: If that camera weren´t so expensive, I would buy it.
When we give an advice, we must use the pronoun WERE, instead of I.
EJ: If I were you, I would ask my parents for permission

8. Third conditional
In this case the sentences also express a condition in the past and the hypothesis can’t be possible.
EJ: You would have learnt to play the guitar sooner If you had taken classes
The variants to form the third condiconal are perfect manners.
Could have + participle
Might have + participle
EJ: If we had bought the tickets on time, we could / might have gone to the cinema

9. Prayer time The same structure as the first conditional
conjunctions change
EJ: When I get home, I´ll call you
EJ: I will buy a car as soon as I pass my driving test

10. Wishful

11. The structure of Wishful
Wish / if only + past simple
Wish / if only +past perfect
Wish + could / would + base form
wishful prayers expressed a desire, can be formed in two ways:

12. Past simple
In this tense situations we refer a present situatio that we would change.
EJ: I wish / If only I were more responsible
If the verb TO BE appears, in all persons we must use WERE.
EJ: I wish / If only it were that simple!

13. Past perfect
In this situation we refer to a past situation that we had wanted to change.
EJ: I wish / If onlyearlier!

14. Could or Would
In this time we refer to a future situation expressing the hope that this situations will happen.
EJ: I wish / I could pass the literature test
If the subject of "whish" and the verb in base form are different, we use "would"
EJ: I wish / If only the weather would improve

15. Match the beginning of each sentence in I to a suitable ending in II.
a. if you had apologised.
b. he may visit a castle.
c. life would have been easier.
d. he had more free time.
e. if you lived nearer.
f. he can watch television.
g. if you want to come.
1. Jim wishes
2. I’d be delighted
3. If he hadn’t been poor,
4. If he finishes his homework,
5. Let us know
6. If he goes to Scotoland,
7. She would have been pleased

16. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1.-She should have listened to the doctor. (if only)
If only she had listened to the doctor.
……………………………………….
2.-We didn’t meet you because we didn’t know the train time. (if)
If we had known the train time, we would have met you.
……………………………………………………………
3.-Sam always has to rush because he gets up late. (earlier)
If Sam got up earlier, he wouldn’t have to rush.
…………………………………………………